ANTH 201 Lecture Notes - Brain Size, Gravettian, Microcephaly
4 Jun 2014
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Document Summary
Middle pleistocene tools: acheulian technology carried over into middle pleistocene, later african and european archaics invented the levallois technique for tool making. Neanderthal cranial features: large, long, low cranium, occipital bun, bulges at sides, forehead more vertical than h. erectus, arching brow ridges, more prognathic than modern humans. Burials: neanderthals deliberately buried their dead (la chapelle and shanidar, extends to 90 kya, burials included grave goods like animal bones and stone tools, fossilized pollen suggests symbolic floral arrangements, they placed the bodies of their dead in a flexed position. Premodern humans: neandertals an evolutionary dead end, h. heidelbergensis and h. neanderthalensis appear as transitional hominid grades between h. erectus and h. sapiens (for splitters, all one species of h. sapiens (for lumpers, debate over how significant regional differences are, debate over which premodern hominids most closely related to modern humans, in terms of paleoanthropology, most of these species not true species defined by biological species concept (paleospecies)
