CHEM-UA 125 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Electron Configuration, Atomic Orbital, Atomic Number

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5 Jun 2014

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Original periodic table (mendeleev)-- periodic law: when arranged by atomic mass, the elements exhibit a periodic recurrence of similar properties modern periodic table (moseley): arranges the elements by atomic number, not by mass. How does the electron configuration of an element relate to its chemical and physical properties? the distribution of electrons within the levels and sub levels of its atoms. Hund"s rule-- when orbitals of equal energy are available, the electron configuration of lowest energy has the maximum number of unpaired electrons with parallel spins. Group 1: highly reactive metals lose the outer electron when they form ionic compounds with nonmetals all react with water. Group 7a: reactive nonmetals occur as diatomic molecules form ionic compounds with metals in which the ion charge is 1- covalent compounds with hydrogen to make acidic solutions in water covalent compounds with carbon. Trends in atomic size atomic size varies slightly from substance to substance.

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PLEASE READ THE WHOLE QUESTION

SIDE NOTE:

IN BIZARRO WORLD, the S subshell can only hold 2 electrons, the P subshell can only hold 4 electrons, the D subshellf can only hole 6 electrons and the F subshell can only hold 8 electrons.

We are trying to create a new periodic table based on these assumptions.

The modern periodic table is arranged the way it is because of quantum mechanics. That is, there are sections for each subshell, and the number of columns in each section are dictated by the number of electrons allowed in each subshell.

Imagine that you have entered an alternate dimension where the laws of quantum mechanics are different.The elements have the same symbols and even the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, but their arrangement on the Bizarro Periodic Table will differ greatly from our own. They use the same letters to designate the subshells (s, p, d, and f) even though their number of orbitals differ.

Consider these rules for the quantum numbers in Bizarro World:

n can be any whole number from 1 to infinity (this is the same as our world.)

l can be integer values from 0 to n.

m_l can only go from 0 to l.

m_s is the same as in our world (Â± Â½)

Answer the following questions:

What subshells are allowed in the Bizzaro first shell? The second shell? The third shell? The fourth shell?

How many orbitals and electrons fit into the Bizarro s subshell? The p subshell? The d subshell? The fsubshell?

Based on this information, please draw what the Bizzaro Periodic Table might look like.

Draw the first 6 rows and include the s, p, d, and f subshell areas (include the f block between the s and dblocks, not separated).

Remember that the (n-1) rule for d subshells and (n-2) rule for f subshells still applies.

You donât have to list the atomic numbers or masses in each box, just the element symbols will be fine.

As a hint: the 6th row of your Bizarro Periodic Table should end with element 76, Osmium.

What elements would make up the Bizarro Noble gases?

What elements would make up the Bizarro Halogens?

How many total electrons would it take to fill the valence shell for any given atom?

Please give the Bizzaro electron configuration for the following elements. You may use Bizarro noble gas abbreviations for the core electrons if you like.

1) What are the possible orbitals for n=3?

s, p, d
s, p, d, f
s
s, p

2) What value of ℓ is represented by a d orbital?

3) How many orbitals are contained in the third principal level (n=3) of a given atom?

4) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The principal quantum number (n) describes the shape of an orbital.
The angular momentum quantum number (ℓ) describes the size and energy associated with an orbital
The magnetic quantum number (mℓ) describes the orientation of the orbital.
An orbital is a path that an electron follows during its movement in an atom
All of the above are true

5) Which of the following transitions represents the emission of a photon with the largest energy?

n=2 to n=1
n=3 to n=1
n=6 to n=4
n=1 to n=4
n=2 to n=4

6) Choose the transition (in a hydrogen atom) below that represents the absorption of the shortest wavelength photon.

n=1 to n=2
n=2 to n=3
n=4 to n=5
n=6 to n=3
n=3 to n=1

7) Each of the following sets of quantum numbers is supposed to specify an orbital. Choose the one set of quantum numbers that does not contain an error.

n=2, ℓ =2, mℓ= +1
n=2, ℓ=2, mℓ= 0
n=3, ℓ=2, mℓ = -3
n=4, ℓ=3, mℓ= -2
n=4, ℓ=2, mℓ= +4

8) The element that corresponds to the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵ is:

titanium
vanadium
chromium
manganese
iron

9) Give the ground-state electron configuration for I.

[Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶
[Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶
[Kr] 5s² 5p⁶
[Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p⁶

10) Place the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius

P Ba Cl

Ba < P < Cl
P < Cl < Ba
Cl < P < Ba
Cl < Ba < P
Ba < Cl < P

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CHEM-UA 125 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Electron Configuration, Atomic Orbital, Atomic Number

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