BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Model Organism, Endosymbiont, Eukaryote

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10 Jun 2014

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Rizwan awan: introduction to cell biology. Bio 1140 a introduction to cell biology. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes 5. Model organism: e. coli 5. Eukaryotes: model organisms of each group 5. Structure of eukaryotic cell (organelles) 7. Non- membrane bound organelles 7. 1 | p a g e. Purple pages f- 52 to f- 56. 2. 2 and 2. 3; also ch. 20: viruses, viroids and prions [ch. Eukaryotic diversity protists, fungi, plants and animals [scan ch. 22- 26; see in particular the. 2. 2- 2. 4] see also below the origin and evolution of cells section titled eukaryotic cells . The universal features of cells on earth . The origin and evolution of cells . 2 | p a g e. The fundamental unit of life, and every organism consists of cells or is itself a single cell: defining characteristics: Living, interact with other cells. All organisms consist of one or more cells.

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Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

1. a) Of the roughly nine basic properties of cells, describethree of them. Include brief cell biological, genetic, orbiochemical examples for each.

b) Choose your favorite experimental organism and explain why itis a useful model system. Give an example of a research questionthat is currently being investigated in this system. You donât haveto go into great detail. For example, you can say âC. elegans is auseful model to understand the cell biology of apoptosis, or celldeath. This information is relevant to understanding cancer inhumans.â (You may have to use the internet or library for part ofthis question.)

c) Why arenât humans (the organism, not the cultured cells) usedmore often as an experimental model system? What would be theadvantages and disadvantages of using this organism.

mauvehippopotamus91

21) Which of the following is not primarily used for attachment?

A. glycocalyx

B. flagella

C. pili

D. fimbria

E. S layer

30) You have isolated DNA from an E. coli bacteria. The DNA would originate from what structures? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. inner plasma membrane

B. mitochondria

C. microcompartments

D. nucleus

E. plasmids

31) Many cellular reactions require multiple enzymes. For efficiency, bacteria will package these enzymes together within:

A. fimbria

B. inclusion bodies

C. lysosomes

D. microcompartments

E. vesicles

32) Why can archaea be considered a separate domain from bacteria?

(CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Archaea ribosomal structure and protein synthesis are similar to eukaryotes.

B. They exhibit a novel method of DNA compaction.

C. Like eukaryotes, they contain simple, membrane-bound organelles.

D. Their cell walls are composed of different substances than bacterial or eukaryotic cell walls.

E. They contain a circular chromosome.

33) How are eukaryotic flagella different from bacterial flagella?

A. They are much bigger in size.

B. They move in a whip-like fashion, as opposed to a circular fashion.

C. They are covered by the plasma membrane.

D. A & B only

E. all of the above

36) The primary function of of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:

A. aerobic respiration

B. the breakdown of phagocytized material

C. assembly of ribosomal subunits

D. polysaccharide and lipid modification of proteins

E. protein synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted proteins

BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Model Organism, Endosymbiont, Eukaryote

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