BIOL 2051 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Lipid Bilayer, Cell Envelope, Periplasm
Document Summary
Basic cellular structures: cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, genetic information (nucleus for eukaryotes; nucleoid for prokaryotes, ribosomes site of protein synthesis, cell wall found in plants & most prokaryotes; not in animals. Two types of cells: prokaryote simpler internal structure lack membrane-enclosed organelles, ex. Bacteria & archaea: eukaryote larger & more complex, membrane-bound organelles (nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, etc, ex. algae, fungi, protozoa, plants, animals. Viruses: non-cellular, reproduce only inside a host cell. Lack many characteristics of living things (can"t do anything outside of host cell, etc. : ex. The bacterial cell: cytoplasm surrounded by envelope, cytoplasm contains dna in nucleoid, envelope has lipid membrane boundary, plus structural cell wall (in most cases) Cytoplasmic membrane: functions: permeability barrier, prevents leakage of cytoplasmic metabolites into environment, transport of substances (nutrients & waste products) into & out of cell. Energy conservation- site of generation & use of the proton motive force: respiration, eukaryotes have mitochondria to generate energy and respiration.
