MIP 300 Lecture Notes - Protozoa, Chitin, Lysosome

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lemondog142

25 Jun 2014

School

CSU

Department

Microbio, Immun, Pathology

Course

MIP 300

Professor

Erica Suchman

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Document Summary

Fungi: usually chitin but can also be cellulose or glucan. Reproduce both asexually (spores, budding) and sexually (production of haploid gametes) Lichens: association of fungi and algae of cyanobacteria. Industry: used in industrial fermentation, cheese manufacture, food production fermentations, antibiotic production. Plants fungi are the major cause of disease. Superficial and cutaneous mycoses: ringworm, athlete"s foot, jock itch. Opportunistic cause disease in compromised host, such as aids patient. Blastomycosis a lung disease that can spread. Coccidiomycosis also starts in the lung from inhaled spores, present in. Cryptococcosis starts in lung, probably from inhaled pigeon droppings, spreads throughout body. Histoplasmosis a heavily encapsulated yeast, prevalent in central us, spread in bird droppings. Candidiasis oral or other mucoid surfaces, thrush and vaginal infections. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs in 80% of aids patients, frequent cause of death. Fluid in lung shows white on x-ray.

Related Questions

One very diverse group of eukaryotic microbes are protozoa. All protozoa are eukaryotic, unicellular and lack cell walls. Many protozoan are chemoheterotrophs, getting energy and carbon from other organsims. Two groups of protozoans that are photosynthetic are dinoflagellates and euglenoids. Protozoans are divided into six groups: Parabasalids have a Golgi like organelles, a parabasl body, and lack mitochondria. Examples: are 1. Trichonympha which live in the guts of termites and digest cellulose into glucose. 2. Trichomonas which lives in the acidic environment of the human vagina, if the pH is increased, it can proliferate and cause inflammation which might lead to sterility. Diplomonadida lack mitochondria and have two rudimentary mitochondria called mitosomes, two equal size nuclei and multiple flagella. An example of this type of protozoan found in well water or lake water if Giardia, the ingestion of cysts leads to a GI infection characterized by flatulence and diarrhea. This protozon looks owl like in a light microscope because of the two nuclei. Euglenoza Euglenids:lack cell walls, have flagella, are chemoheterotrophic phagocytes in the dark, and have several features unique to euglenids. For one they store energy in a polysaccharide paramylon. They may move by a squirming motion called euglenoid movement. They have a protein pellicle under thier plasma membrane to give the cell shape. Most have a "red eyespot" that helps with phototaxis. Kinetoplastids have a single large mitochondria that contain a kinetoplast Two notable pathogens in this group are Trypanosoma and Leishmania. Alveolates have small membrane bound cavities beneath the plasma membrane called alveoli. In addition, alveolates have tubular mitochondria cristae. There are three subgroups. Ciliates have cilia for motility or to move water past the cell surface. Ciliates are chemoheterotrophic and have two nuclei. The only pathogenic ciliate is Balantidium. Paramecium is a well known pond dweller used to study regeneration. Apicomplexans are chemoheterotrophic animal pathogens. They contain apices which are organelles that contain enzymes that allow the protozoan to penetrate host cells. Three examples of apicomplexans are Plasmodium, cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma.

12. According to CDC toxoplasmosis is a neglected parasitic disease. Cats play an significant role in transmitting the protozoan because cats become infected by eating infected rodents or birds. An infected kitten may shed as many as a million cysts in thier feces for up to 3 weeks after infection. Humans may become infected by changing cat litter boxes or gardening without gloves. Suggest at least two ways a person may prevent infection based on this information. You may also visit the CDC websitehttps://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/gen_info/pregnant.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

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21) Which of the following is not primarily used for attachment?

A. glycocalyx

B. flagella

C. pili

D. fimbria

E. S layer

30) You have isolated DNA from an E. coli bacteria. The DNA would originate from what structures? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. inner plasma membrane

B. mitochondria

C. microcompartments

D. nucleus

E. plasmids

31) Many cellular reactions require multiple enzymes. For efficiency, bacteria will package these enzymes together within:

A. fimbria

B. inclusion bodies

C. lysosomes

D. microcompartments

E. vesicles

32) Why can archaea be considered a separate domain from bacteria?

(CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Archaea ribosomal structure and protein synthesis are similar to eukaryotes.

B. They exhibit a novel method of DNA compaction.

C. Like eukaryotes, they contain simple, membrane-bound organelles.

D. Their cell walls are composed of different substances than bacterial or eukaryotic cell walls.

E. They contain a circular chromosome.

33) How are eukaryotic flagella different from bacterial flagella?

A. They are much bigger in size.

B. They move in a whip-like fashion, as opposed to a circular fashion.

C. They are covered by the plasma membrane.

D. A & B only

E. all of the above

36) The primary function of of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:

A. aerobic respiration

B. the breakdown of phagocytized material

C. assembly of ribosomal subunits

D. polysaccharide and lipid modification of proteins

E. protein synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted proteins

1.A mycologist visits your biology class and discusses herresearch on a particular fungus that lives on the bark of damagedspruce trees. She explains that the fungal hyphae of her researchorganism is heterokaryotic. You raise your hand and request thatshe define that word. Her correct response is

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of the fungal hyphae are genetically the same.

heterokaryotic means that eachcompartment of the hyphae contain two distinct nuclei.

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of each compartment of the hyphae are geneticallydistinct.

heterokaryotic means that each compartment of the hyphaecontains only one nucleus.

2. Select the true statements concerning reproduction ofbasidiomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

The adult forms of a typicalbasidiomycete consists of a mass of dikaryotic primarymycelia.

The secondary mycelia fuse to formprimary mycelia. The primary mycelia form the fruiting body.

The gills of an Amanitamushroom contains basidiospores.

Karyogamy produces a diploid zygotethat undergoes meiosis.

Meiosis produces basidiospores, and the fusion of spores fromdifferent mating strains produces the primary mycelium.

3. In the life cycle of a zygomycete, after the zygospore isformed, the next event will be

dikaryon formation.