PSYC 2230 Lecture Notes - Edward C. Tolman, Metaphor, Alate
26 Jun 2014
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Instincts: genetically motivated behaviours that occur when certain conditions are present and require no learning (p. 36: early instinct theories were popular in late 19th and early 20th centuries. Labeling is not an explanation; rather, necessary to specify conditions that led to behaviour (b). cause-effect analysis attempts to do this: william james: instincts are similar to reflexes, occur blindly the first time and are elicited by stimuli. Instinct is an impulse to action" and thus motivates: instinct is modifiable however, through experience and learning. Exposed the first time later in development it will run away. Example of mcdougall"s three components: cognitive: organism knows the will satisfy the need based on past experience with the goal-object. We are lured to immediate gravitation even the long term consequence may be negative. Striving toward the goal shows the purposiveness of instinctual behaviours. Mcdougall"s notion of purposiveness of instinctual behaviours suggests a. Teleological analysis; the idea that behaviour serves some ultimate purpose p. 38)
