MIP 300 Lecture Notes - Start Codon, Ribosome, Prokaryotic Small Ribosomal Subunit

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lemondog142

3 Jul 2014

School

CSU

Department

Microbio, Immun, Pathology

Course

MIP 300

Professor

Erica Suchman

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Document Summary

10 is stronger consensus than -35, but -35 is also consensus sequence. During translation, mrna is read in groups of 3 bases codons. Code degeneracy some amino acids 1 codon, each codon = 1 amino acid. Aug = initiation codon, starts translation (also met) Uga, uaa, uag = termination codons, stop translation mrna is read when ribosome brings in appropriate trna with complimentary anti-codon. Each codon has a trna each trna is specific for 1 amino acid. Correct amino acid is attached to trna 3" oh by aminoacyl-trna synthetase, using atp. Initiation met-trna and ribosome 30s subunit bind mrna binds shine-delgarno sequence aligns mrna and ribosome, met-trna is positioned at start codon, aug. 1 atp to put m on trna, 1 gtp for initiation 2 total. Aminoacyl-trna brings aa2 into the a site with help of elongation factors, which cleave gtp gdp. Gtp to bring next trna to ribosome 4 total.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Each triplet codon encodes for a unique amino acid

True

False

QUESTION 2

The codon and anticodon are always antiparallel to each other when base-paired.

True

False

QUESTION 3

Which one of these is not a stop codon:

	(a)	UAA
	(b)	UAG
		(c) UAC
		(d) UGA

QUESTION 4

In Prokaryotic translation which of the following occurs:

		a) the 50S ribosome joins with the 60S initiation complex to allow for initiation
		b) The AUG is identified by being 20 nucleotides downstream of the shine-dalgarno sequence
		c) GTP is hydrolyzed as initiation factors are released
		d) A 45S initiation complex is formed by numerous factors, including mRNA

QUESTION 5

The extended polypeptide chain occurs in the E site in the ribosome

True

False

coffeeswan749

1. The four nucleotides found in human DNA (G, A, T, C) combinein groups of three to create potentially 64 different amino acids,but only 20 amino acids, one start codon and three stop codons areused to construct proteins. Why is this so?

a.Many amino acids are not considered complete until they bindwith a second amino acid.
b.64 amino acids are produced, but the body only integrates
c.42 of them into proteins. 64 amino acids are initially produced,but 42 of them are unstable and degrade immediately. Differentd.nucleotide combinations code for the same amino acid.

2.What term is used to describe the phenomenon that there are 64different groups of 3 nucleotides to code for amino acids but only20 amino acids, 1 start codon, and 3 stop codon used in proteinconstruction.

a.Crossing over
b.Redundancy
c.DNA structure
d.Transcription

Suppose a male and a female with chromosomes "DD" (male) and"dd" (female) crossbreed. How likely is their offspring to exhibitthe DD genotype?

100%
25%
50%
0%

4.What term best describes the genotype of "dd"?
a.heterozygous
b.monohybrid
c.homozygous
d.haploid

5.Suppose a male and a female with chromosomes "DDBb" (male) and"ddBB" (female) interbreed. How likely is their offpsring toexhibit the DdBb genotype? 100% 50% 25% 0%?

6. What term best describes the breeding perfomed when a maleand female with chromosomes "DDBb" (male) and "ddBB" (female)interbreed?

Dihybrid cross

Codominance

Incomplete dominance

Monohybrid cross

tealgoat796

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

MIP 300 Lecture Notes - Start Codon, Ribosome, Prokaryotic Small Ribosomal Subunit

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