BMS 450 Lecture Notes - Epithelium, Metastasis, Carmustine
Document Summary
1. 6 million new cases per year in 2012. Total 2007 cost billion (direct and indirect) 23 fold increased risk in males, 13 fold higher in females. 1/3 of all cancer deaths; 443,000 per year. Obesity is responsible for 25% of all cancer deaths. Women 51% of all new cancers diagnosed; men 14% Uv exposure from sun & indoor tanning 2 million new cases per year. All cancers due to tobacco and alcohol can be prevented completely. Early screening can detect and reduce mortality from cancers of breast, colon, rectum and cervix. 95% of cancers are due to acquired dna mutations. Successful metastasis to a distant site requires adaptive mutations. Cancer cells are often genetically unstable and prone to ongoing mutations. 1012 to 1013 cancer cells is generally lethal. Drug a 99. 9% kill (106 cells remain) Drug b 99% kill (104 cells remain, undetectable) Remission cancer load undetectable, but may return. 5-year survival rate: % survival after 5 years.