BIO 2137 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Pteridospermatophyta, Oleanane, Flowering Plant

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Characterized by evolution of: carpel (seeds in vessel) instead of naked seed, true flowers: petal, sepal, anther, pistil, hardwood (advanced) replaced softwood (gymnosperm wood, better at transfering water, double fertilization, produce embryonic plant, develop food reserve. Simultaneous expansion of flowers and insects (hymenoptera) after dinosaur extinction. Many pistils and stamens reduced number of parts. Bee or butterfly: primitive became advanced because of co-evolution with pollinators, inferior ovary to protects reproductive parts instead of exposing. Grasses, palms, cattails maple, daisy: e1 & e2: original leaves, primordial leaves (cotyledon) Fused lower group of petals, upper attractive to attract insects where bees can"t get out without getting stamps of pollen on them. Ex. sunflower: 275000 species and over 250 families, greater diversity than any other group of plants and all exctinct species, co-evolution diversity key: pollinators, herbivores, seed dispersers, diversity: flower evolution, monocot/dicot, key families.

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