CH350 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Ubiquitin, Ketone Bodies, Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid
Document Summary
15. 3 coordinated regulation of glycolyssi and gluconeogenesis: gluconeogenesis occurs primarily in the liver in mammals, the sum of the reaction is atp + h2o adp + p1 + heat, futile cycle or substrate cycle. If glucagon is present, there is a kinase activity (camp dependent) that uses atp to phoshpohrylate the enxyme, mae fbpase-2 active and cause gluconeogenesis. In the present of insulin, a phosphoprotein-phosphatase activates. Dna is bound to histones it is inactive, when bound to transcription factors, it can be turned on. Transcription factors are up or downstream from the gene. The efficient binding of rna polymerase increases the rate of transcription, the fast the mrna is processed, the more the products formed. Postranslational modification the phosphorylation of protein: insulin transcriptionally regulates approximately 150 genes through insulin response elements (ire) Have a glucose transporter (glut-2) with a hexokinase phosphorylating it. Activated by insulin and tagged with ubiquitin for further degradation by proteasomes.
