BIOLOGY 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Triose, Pyruvic Acid
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16 Sep 2014
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Pyruvate will be completely oxidized all 3 c atoms will be in the form of co2. Major e is still in molecule of pyruvate completely oxidized to co2 and hoh via citric acid cycle. [o] pathway involves high energy cofactors (nadh), not pyruvate. Pentose phosphate pathway = major pathway for nadph. 2 major product of glycolyis is pyruvate (2 molecules, 2 x triose from a hexose) Pyruvate then goes to citric acid cycle, where major part of e will be extracted. 3 sum of 1st and 2nd stages of glycolysis. 1st: glucose (cid:198) two trioses (interchangeable), two molecules of atp invested. 2nd: anaerobic conditions (in muscles, esp when working hard), no nadh produced. 3rd: anerobic conditions (in yeast) (cid:198) ethanol + co2. Glucose (cid:198) pyruvate, 2 x nadh, nadh (cid:198) nad+, atp molecules produced. Pyruvate + nadh + h+ (cid:197)lactatedehydrogenase(cid:198) l-lactate + nad+ 11 alcohol fermentation pyruvate (cid:198) pyruvate decarboxylase + acetaldehyde apcetapehyde, 2 c-
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Fill in the blank in the following table:
metabolic cycle | location pro/ eukaryote | components | substrates | products | pathway purpose |
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis) | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 10 enzymes | |||
pentose phosphate pathway | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | dozen enzyme | 1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP | 1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP | Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism |
PDH reaction | cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix | ||||
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle | generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors | ||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration) | |||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration) | 1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP | N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP | Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+ | ||
Fermentation | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 1 or more enzymes (vary by organism) | 1 pyruvate, 1 NADH | 1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+ | Regenerate NAD+ |