PHGY 350 Lecture Notes - Gluconeogenesis, Keloid, Fibroblast
18 Sep 2014
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Gould (5th ed) p. 6-12, p. 76-78; p. 189-191. Gould (4th ed. ) p. 6 12; p 26 - 29 (top); p. 248-249. Genetic apparatus eg. radiation damages dna: sometimes not seen until cell divides, prominent in rapidly dividing cells (cells lining gi tract, ~3-4 days) Nuclei break down: shrink (pyknosis) fragment (karyorrhexis) Membrane integrity: cell lysis, diagnostic tool: isozyme measurement (same function, slightly diff struct) when damaged into circulation: Heart and liver release ast (sgot) liver releases alt (sgpt) amylase from pancreas. Microbes release (?) hydrogen sulfide reacts with iron in blood: makes iron sulfide which is black. = atom containing an unpaired electron highly reactive with other molecules. Oh + oh (hydroxyl radicals) (reactive oxygen aka ros) May be a normal enzyme by-product: eg. xanthine oxidase. Atp radiation: hypoxanthine uric acid + h2o2: ultraviolet light ionizing: x-rays, gamma rays reactive oxygen formation promoted by iron iron catalysis (fenton rxn) + 2h+ 2h2o2 + o2: needs zn.
