PEDS100 Chapter Notes -Basal Lamina, Epithelium, Salivary Gland

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tanbeaver257

25 Nov 2011

School

University of Alberta

Department

Physical Education and Sport

Course

PEDS100

Professor

Gail Amort- Larson

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Document Summary

4 primary tissue types: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, neural tissue. Simple epithelium: one layer of cells covering basal lamina. Stratified epithelium: 2 or more layers of cells above basal lamina. By shape: *always identify shape of tissue by outermost layer* Simple squamous:very thin, part of eyes, alveoli of lungs, absorption. Stratified squamous: surface of skin, were mechanical stresses are severe. Cuboidal epithelia: equal sides, appear square, nucleus is near center. Transitional: very specialized (only found in urinary system) cell has ability to stretch (always go back to original shape), urinary bladder. Columnar: a lot taller cell (nucleus is towards the base) Simple columnar epithelium: a lot of tissue has goblet cells which produce mucus, intestinal lining. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: also has goblet cells, trachlea. Stratified columnar epithelium: rare, salivary gland duct in neck & mouth area. Secrete hormones into interstitial fluid which then goes into blood.

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Learning Goal: To work through astraightforward application of Faraday's law to find the EMF andthe electric field surrounding a region of increasing flux

Faraday's law describes how electric fields and electromotiveforces are generated from changing magnetic fields. This problem isa prototypical example in which an increasing magnetic fluxgenerates a finite line integral of the electric field around aclosed loop that surrounds the changing magnetic flux through asurface bounded by that loop. A cylindrical iron rod withcross-sectional area is oriented with its symmetry axis coincidentwith the z axis of a cylindrical coordinate system as shown. It hasa uniform magnetic field inside that varies according to . In otherwords, the magentic field is always in the positive z direction,and it has no other components.

For your convenience, we restate Faraday's law here: , where is theline integral of the electric field, and the magnetic flux is givenby , where is the angle between the magnetic field and the localnormal to the surface bounded by the closed loop.
Direction: The line integral and surface integral reverse theirsigns if the reference direction of or is reversed. The right-handrule applies here: If the thumb of your right hand is taken along ,then the fingers point along . You are free to take the loopanywhere you choose, although usually it makes sense to choose itto lie along the path of the circuit you are considering.

Find , the electromotive force (EMF) around a loop that is atdistance from the z axis, where is restricted to the region outsidethe iron rod as shown. Take the direction shown in the figure aspositive.
Express in terms of , , , , and any needed constants such as , ,and .
Due to the cylindrical symmetry of this problem, the inducedelectric field can depend only on the distance from the z axis,where is restricted to the region outside the iron rod. Find thisfield.
Express in terms of quantities given in the introduction (andconstants), using the unit vectors in the cylindrical coordinatesystem,r^ ,theta^ , and z^ .

It is not possible to see very small objects, such as viruses,using an ordinary light microscope. An electron microscope can viewsuch objects using an electron beam instead of a light beam.Electron microscopy has proved invaluable for investigations ofviruses, cell membranes and subcellular structures, bacterialsurfaces, visual receptors, chloroplasts, and the contractileproperties of muscles. The "lenses" of an electron microscopeconsist of electric and magnetic fields that control the electronbeam.

As an example of the manipulation of an electron beam, consider anelectron traveling away from the origin along the x axis in the xyplane with initial velocity v = vi. As it passes through the regionx = 0 to x = d, the electron experiences acceleration a = ax + ay,where ax and ay are constants. For the case vi = 1.77 107 m/s, ax =7.35 1014 m/s2, and ay = 1.45 1015 m/s2, determine the following,at x = d = 0.0100 m.
(a) the position of the electron
yf =__________ m
(b) the velocity of the electron
vf =________ m/s +__________ m/s
(c) the speed of the electron
|vf| =___________ m/s
(d) the direction of travel of the electron (i.e. the angle betweenits velocity and the x axis)
=________ Â°

It is not possible to see very small objects, such as viruses, using an ordinary light microscope. An electron microscope, however, can view such objects using an electron beam instead of a light beam. Electron microscopy has proved invaluable for investigations of viruses, cell membranes, and subcellular structures, bacterial surfaces, visual receptors, chloroplasts, and the contractile properties of muscles. The “lenses” of an electron microscope consist of electric and magnetic fields that control the electron beam. As an example of the manipulation of an electron beam, consider an electron traveling away from the origin along the x-axis in the XY plane with an initial velocity . As it passes through the region x = 0 to x = d, the electron experiences acceleration where a_x and a_y are constants. For the case v_i = 1.80 × 10⁷ m/s, a_x = 8.00 × 10¹⁴ m/s², and a_y = 1.60 × 10¹⁵ m/s² determine at x = d = 0.010 0 m (a) the position of the electron, (b) the velocity of the electron, (c) the speed of the electron, and (d) the direction of travel of the electron (i.e., the angle between its velocity and the x-axis).

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PEDS100 Chapter Notes -Basal Lamina, Epithelium, Salivary Gland

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