Physiology 3120 Lecture Notes - Golgi Tendon Organ, Gamma Motor Neuron, Muscle Spindle

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indigoweasel955

26 Nov 2011

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Motor system: signal starts in cerebral cortex, which projects to the basal ganglia & the cerebellum, by the time the instruction is in motor cortex, it is well specified, characteristics of motor control (efferent) Have serial pathways & parallel pathways: once muscles contract, there is the possibility for afferent feedback. Can come back to (i) spinal cord (for spinal reflexes), (ii) thalamus and somatosensory cortex, or (iii) cerebellum: types of muscle receptors, muscle spindle (shape of spindle = fusiform) group ia. Signals length & velocity of muscle stretch (i. e. vibration of triceps muscle or achilles tendon) In parallel with extrafusal muscle fibres (innervated by alpha-mn: muscle spindle group iia. In parallel with extrafusal muscle fibres: golgi tendon organs. Located at boundary between extrafusal muscle fibres & tendon. When efmf contracts, it pulls on the golgi tendon organs. Very sensitive to active tension during contraction: muscle spindles. Contain muscle & a receptor associated with it.

Related Questions

It is not possible to see very small objects, such as viruses,using an ordinary light microscope. An electron microscope can viewsuch objects using an electron beam instead of a light beam.Electron microscopy has proved invaluable for investigations ofviruses, cell membranes and subcellular structures, bacterialsurfaces, visual receptors, chloroplasts, and the contractileproperties of muscles. The "lenses" of an electron microscopeconsist of electric and magnetic fields that control the electronbeam.

As an example of the manipulation of an electron beam, consider anelectron traveling away from the origin along the x axis in the xyplane with initial velocity v = vi. As it passes through the regionx = 0 to x = d, the electron experiences acceleration a = ax + ay,where ax and ay are constants. For the case vi = 1.77 107 m/s, ax =7.35 1014 m/s2, and ay = 1.45 1015 m/s2, determine the following,at x = d = 0.0100 m.
(a) the position of the electron
yf =__________ m
(b) the velocity of the electron
vf =________ m/s +__________ m/s
(c) the speed of the electron
|vf| =___________ m/s
(d) the direction of travel of the electron (i.e. the angle betweenits velocity and the x axis)
=________ Â°

It is not possible to see very small objects, such as viruses, using an ordinary light microscope. An electron microscope, however, can view such objects using an electron beam instead of a light beam. Electron microscopy has proved invaluable for investigations of viruses, cell membranes, and subcellular structures, bacterial surfaces, visual receptors, chloroplasts, and the contractile properties of muscles. The “lenses” of an electron microscope consist of electric and magnetic fields that control the electron beam. As an example of the manipulation of an electron beam, consider an electron traveling away from the origin along the x-axis in the XY plane with an initial velocity . As it passes through the region x = 0 to x = d, the electron experiences acceleration where a_x and a_y are constants. For the case v_i = 1.80 × 10⁷ m/s, a_x = 8.00 × 10¹⁴ m/s², and a_y = 1.60 × 10¹⁵ m/s² determine at x = d = 0.010 0 m (a) the position of the electron, (b) the velocity of the electron, (c) the speed of the electron, and (d) the direction of travel of the electron (i.e., the angle between its velocity and the x-axis).

yellowbeetle239

I would appreciate help with any of the following problems. Thankyou.

22. In an isometric exercise a person places a hand on a scale andpushes vertically downward, keeping the forearm horizontal. This ispossible because the triceps muscle applies an upward forceperpendicular to the arm, as the figure indicates. The forearmweighs 22.1 N and has a center of gravity as indicated. The scaleregisters 113 N. Determine the magnitude of .
Distance between the force applied by the muscle and the elbowjoint 0.025 m. The distance between the elbow joint and the armscenter of gravity is 0.15 m. Distance between the arms center ofgravity and the center of the scale is 0.15 m. I was not able tofind the answer to this problem using the solution posted on thewebsite.

26.A wrecking ball (weight = 4310 N) is supported by a boom, whichmay be assumed to be uniform and has a weight of 2550 N. As thedrawing shows, a support cable runs from the top of the boom to thetractor. The angle between the support cable and the horizontal is32Â°, and the angle between the boom and the horizontal is 48Â°. Find(a) the tension in the support cable and (b) the magnitude of theforce exerted on the lower end of the boom by the hinge at pointP.

56. Two identical wheels are moving on horizontal surfaces. Thecenter of mass of each has the same linear speed. However, onewheel is rolling, while the other is sliding on a frictionlesssurface without rolling. Each wheel then encounters an inclineplane. One continues to roll up the incline, while the othercontinues to slide up. Eventually they come to a momentary halt,because the gravitational force slows them down. Each wheel is adisk of mass 3.64 kg. On the horizontal surfaces the center of massof each wheel moves with a linear speed of 5.26 m/s. (a),(b) Whatis the total kinetic energy of each wheel? (c), (d) Determine themaximum height reached by each wheel as it moves up the incline. Iwas able to solve for the rolling wheel but couldn't find the rightanswers for the sliding wheel.

66. A thin uniform rod is rotating at an angular velocity of 1.89rad/s about an axis that is perpendicular to the rod at its center.As the figure indicates, the rod is hinged at two places,one-quarter of the length from each end. Without the aid ofexternal torques, the rod suddenly assumes a "u" shape, with thearms of the "u" parallel to the rotation axis. What is the angularvelocity of the rotating "u"?

76. A woman who weighs 501 N is leaning against a smooth verticalwall, as the drawing shows. Find (a) the magnitude of the force N(directed perpendicular to the wall) exerted on her shoulders bythe wall and the (b) horizontal and (c) vertical components of theforce exerted on her shoes by the ground.

Physiology 3120 Lecture Notes - Golgi Tendon Organ, Gamma Motor Neuron, Muscle Spindle

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