Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Ketone Bodies, Ketone, Adipocyte

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30 Nov 2011

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16 acetyl-coa part 2: fatty acids, ketone bodies, and biosynthesis. Low glucose conditions: breaks down triaglycerols in adipocyte; lipase will break the fatty acids off glycerol. Fatty acids go to liver and muscle, not brain: glycerol foes to liver. Fatty acyl-coa is transported into the mitochondrial matrix; driven by the hydrolysis of atp. Fatty acid goes through a series of 4 cheimcal reactions each set of reactions get an acetyl-coa, and. Nadh, and fadh2 and an acyl-coa that is 2 carbons shorter. Acyl-coa + n-1 fad + n-1 nad+ + n-1 coa n acetyl co-a (enters cac or in liver made ketone bodies) + (n-1. Each fadh2 gives electrons to q to make qh2, but using different protein complexes. Oxidation of fatty acids: special cases: oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids yields fewer fadh2 and may consume. Nadph: oxidation of odd chain fatty acids yields one propinyl-coa, which enter the cac as succinyl-coa.

Related Questions

1) Glucose cannot be synthesized from the Î²-oxidation of even chain fatty acids because:

a) gluconeogenesis is inhibitid by acetyl CoA produced in the Î²-oxidation of fatty acids

b) the acetyl CoA produced from Î²-oxidationis completely oxidized in the TCA cycle

c) Insulin levels are elevated when fatty acids are being oxidized

d) Acetyl CoA produced in the Î²-oxidation of fatty acids cannot be transported out of the mitochondrial matrix

2) after a 24 hour fast, which of the following is the major metabolic pathway providing glucose for the brain?

a) the pentose phosphate pathway

b) gluconeogenesis

c) glycogenolysis

d) ketone body synthesis

Where does each of these processes take place within the cell? Possible answers: cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, lysosome, nucleus, inner mitochondrial membrane, outer mitochondrial membrane, mitochondrial intermembrane space

1. Glycolysis cytosol

2. citric acid cycle Mitochondrial Matrix

3. conversion of pyruvate to activated acetyl groups

4. oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA

5. glycogen breakdown

6. release of fatty acids from triacylglycerols

7. oxidative phosphorylation

bronzeimpala88

30. In final step of the triacylglycerol biosynthesis, which of the following is added to the diacylglycerol?

A. Acetyl-CoA

B. Phosphatidic acid

C. Fatty acyl-CoA

D. Glycerol-3-P

31. The activation of long chain fatty acids requires which of the following?

A. 2 ATPs

B. 2 ATPs and Co-A

C. 2 ATP, CoA and fatty-acyl CoA

D. 2 ATPs and a fatty acid.

32. What is the metabolic pathway that does not involve succinyl-CoA?

A. Ketone bodies to acetyl CoA

B. Odd chain fatty acid oxidation

C. Even chain fatty acid oxidation

D. TCA cycle

33. In order to break down fatty acids, they are first transported into the mitochondrial matrix by conversion of the fatty acid from a covalent complex with CoA to one with:

A. Citrate.

B. Oxaloacetate.

C. Malate.

D. Carnitine.

E. Pyruvate.

34. Regarding carnitine shuttle, the enzyme translocase involves which of the following pair?

A. Fatty acyl & CoA

B. Fatty acyl-carnitine & carnitine

C. Fatty acyl CoA & carnitine

D. Fatty acyl & carnitine

35. The family of drugs that are called "statins" (e.g. lipitor) are effective at lowering plasma levels of cholesterol because they:

A. slow the rate of cholesterol uptake from plasma into the cell.

B. increase the rate of synthesis of cholesterol inside the cell.

C. inhibit the activity of a key enzyme in the cholesterol synthetic pathway.

D. prevent the synthesis of Mevalonate

Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Ketone Bodies, Ketone, Adipocyte

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