BIOL 1070 Study Guide - Final Guide: Winter Flounder, Ice Crystals, Antifreeze Protein

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__5__ h2o moves to high solute area isotonic. We know the arctic has not always been a harsh, cold place because brachiopod fossils are abundant - a group that is now relatively rare but once were prevalent in marine environments. Ice crystals may not damage cell membranes if there is controlled ice formation that occurs only in the extracellular fluid. Both freeze-intolerant and freeze-tolerant animals may produce glycerol and/or other sugars in their cells. Antifreeze proteins bind to ice crystals and lower the freezing point of body fluids, preventing ice crystal formation. One example of how the external environment impacts an organism differently depending on the developmental stage is Crustaceans in arctic ponds produce eggs that remain dormant and then hatch in warmer conditions in the spring, while adults do not survive. Matching the overwintering strategy with the appropriate animal. Key points for week 11: the arctic was once warmer with rich forests and diverse aquatic habitats.

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