Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 2290A/B Study Guide - Inclusion Bodies, Bioreactor, Proinsulin

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ivorycod755

7 Dec 2011

School

Western University

Department

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering

Course

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 2290A/B

Professor

Mita Ray

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Document Summary

Revision notes for cbe 2290 a (as discussed in the tutorials on december 10th 2010). Insulin is the sugar regulating hormone present in our body. It is made up of two chains of amino acids, chain a and chain b, hence is also a dipeptide hormone. How insulin helps our body :- blood glucose rises in the absence or malfunctioning of insulin, resulting in diabe- tes. Frederik banting and charles best discovered insulin in 1922. However this insulin, when administered to humans caused severe side ef- fects. This was primarily because of the difference between the chemical structure of human insulin and porcine insulin. The alanine amino acid in porcine insulin is replaced by threonine in humans. The first genetically engineered , synthetic human insulin was produced in the laboratory by herbert boyer using e. coli in 1977. Human insulin has 51 amino acids ; 21 amino acids in the a chain and 30 amino acids in the b chain.

Related Questions

list the type of bond and chemical interaction that may contribute to the formation and stability of the following structures ;

i) angiostensin ii , a peptide hormone containing eight amino acids (asp-arg-val-tyr-lle-his-pro-phe) that regulate blodd pressure through vasoconstriction
ii) insulin, a globular protein hormone Thai is made of two amino acid sequence , the A-chain that 21 amino acids , and the B-chain that has 30 amino acids.

extra question. explain features of genetic code

raspberryhamster634

QUESTION 20

Which amino acid(s) would you find in the core of a cytosolic protein?

Amino acids that make up the protein's signal sequence

Amino acids with hydrophobic backbones AND sidechains

Amino acids that have been phosphorylated on their side chains

The methionine found at the N-terminus of every protein

Amino acids with non-polar sidechains

QUESTION 21

Why is Ras such an important protein in the cell?

It produces secondary messengers

It opens ligand-gated ion channels

It binds to extracellular ligands

It switches on a cascade of kinases

It phosphorylates the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase

QUESTION 22

Predict the effect of adding a microRNA that binds to the 3' UTR of insulin to a beta cell

		The microRNA will interact with the insulin protein via hydrogen bonding
		The microRNA will decrease expression of the insulin protein
		The microRNA will block transcription of the insulin gene
		The microRNA will regulate post-translational modifications of the insulin protein
		The microRNA will prevent RNA polymerase from binding to insulin mRNA

In nature, what is the order of events in processing the productof the gene for insulin? a. transcription of the two insulin genesA and B, translation, and posttranslational joining of the twopolypeptides b. removal of large mRNA sequences by RNA editing,followed by splicing of the products of the two insulin genes c.cleavage of 24 amino acids from the N terminus to form proinsulinthat is subsequently cleaved to make A and B chains d. removal of 5leader sequence from the mRNA, and splicing out of a large centralintron to produce the mRNA that codes for the final form ofpolypeptide e. cleavage of 35 amino acids from the middle of thepolypeptide to make two chains that are then joined by disulfidebonds

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Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 2290A/B Study Guide - Inclusion Bodies, Bioreactor, Proinsulin

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