BIOL 1090 Study Guide - Final Guide: Apoptosis, Ticul Municipality, Cytosol

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taupellama890

12 Dec 2011

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Basic properties of cells: highly complex and organized, maintain and utilize a genetic program, reproduction (generation or daughter cells), acquire and utilize energy, support enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions, engage in mechanical activities, respond to stimuli, sustain self-regulation, evolve. 1)prokaryotic- bacteria, structurally simpler; 2) eukaryotic- protists, fungi, plants, animals, structurally more complex. Viruses bind to a cell surface via specific proteins and enter cell --> defines cell types virus can infect and host range, virus utilizes cellular machinery to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins--> assemble new virus particles. Biological membranes- fluid mosaic model- lipid bilayer, proteins: integral (transmembrane), peripheral, lipid-anchored, components are mobile and can interact. Common properties- ~6nm thick, stable, flexible, capable of self assembly, different membranes contain different types of lipids and proteins --> different functions. Integral- span lipid bilayer, lipid anchored- attached to lipid in the bilayer, peripheral-associate with surfaces of lipid bilayer.

Related Questions

1. How do the interactions of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid give rise to organized supramolecular structure, cells, multicellular tissues, organs, systems, and organisms?

2. How does living matter extract energy from its surrounding in order to replicate?

3. How does an organism store and transmit the information it needs to grow and reproduce itself accurately?

1. How does sexual reproduction compare to DNA transfers inprokaryotes?
I. Both increase genetic diversity.
II. Sexual reproduction results in greater evolutionarychange.
III. DNA transfer in prokaryotes allows for fewer errors andmutations.

a. I only

b. I and II

c. I and III

d. I, II, and III

2. What type of receptor is described in the followingparagraph?

Binding of a signaling molecule to this type of receptor uses anenzyme to remove a phosphate group from an ATP molecule to activateanother receptor. The activated receptor can be recognized by relayproteins inside the cell, which bind to the receptor and changeshape. These activated proteins then trigger a transduction pathwaythat leads to some sort of cellular response.

a. intracellular receptor

b. ligand-gated ion channel

c. g protein-coupled receptor

d. receptor tyrosine kinase

3. Yeast cells, plant cells, and mammal cells all share manysimilarities in cell signaling. This provides evidence that

a. cell-signaling mechanisms are only found in organisms that usemethods of sexual reproduction

b. intercellular communication evolved as a way for multicellularorganisms to coordinate cell functions

c. eukaryotic cells use signal transduction pathways whileprokaryotic cells use a more primitive form of signaling

d. signal transduction pathways appeared in cells before theevolution of multicellular organisms

limehornet465

Please answer the following three essay questions.

All living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have thefollowing cell structures: plasma membrane, cytosol, ribosomes, andat least one chromosome. Choose any one of these. Describe itsbasic structure (including molecular composition) as well as thefunction. Explain why a cell could not exist without thefunction(s) performed by this cell structure.
Cells can be categorized as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.Only bacterial cells are prokaryotic. For question two, answer anyone of the following comparison questions. Be sure to compare bothmolecular (physical) structure and function in each answer.
1. Compare the nucleoid area (prokaryotic) to a nucleus(eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are they similar?
2. Compare the bacterial flagellum (prokaryotic) to an animal cellflagellum (eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are theysimilar?
3. Compare a bacterial cell wall (prokaryotic) to a plant cellwall (eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are they similar?
Eukaryotic cells (in plants, animals, fungi, and algae) arebigger than prokaryotic (bacterial) cells. This bigger size allowseukaryotic cells to have more structural complexity.

Choose any one of the following eukaryotic cell structures for ashort essay:

Mitochondrion
Cytoskeleton
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Chloroplast (found only in photosynthetic cells)

In your answer, describe its basic structure (includingmolecular composition) as well as the function. Why is the functionimportant to keeping the cell alive?
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference listand in-text citations for references used throughout theassignment.

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BIOL 1090 Study Guide - Final Guide: Apoptosis, Ticul Municipality, Cytosol

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