BCH210H1 Lecture Notes - Microwave Popcorn, Olive Oil, Umber

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BCH210H1 Full Course Notes

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Platelet aggregates (containing platelets and other blood cells) can form at and stick to the plaque surface: such an aggregate is known as a thrombus. Blood flowing past the plaque can break up the thrombus into smaller, free aggregates called emboli. For nat this meant for a time he couldn"t talk, as his speech centre was ischemic. This short period of ischemia with a specific loss of function is known as a tia: the rest of his brain did receive a reasonable blood supply, tias usually last less than 1 hour. Tias can result in temporary blindness (one or both sides), blurred vision, dizziness, blackouts, slurred speech (unintelligible), loss of sensation or movement on one side. So observe carefully your older relatives you could save their lives! After ct scan, knows that nat is not bleeding, no tumour, and no concussions. Nat is given aspirin and later has surgery to remove the plaque in his carotid artery.

Related Questions

Please answer the below questions ( I need answers for all the below questions). Thank you

True or False

Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.

_______ The heart consists mainly of muscle.

_______ Blood pressure is highest in veins.

_______ Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque inside arteries.

_______ Platelets are blood cells that fight infections.

_______ Peripheral gas exchange takes place in the lungs.

_______ Food travels from the mouth to the stomach because of gravity.

_______ Most absorption of nutrients takes place in the stomach.

_______ For good health, you should never eat lipids.

_______ The kidneys are the main organs of the excretory system.

_______ Nephrons carry urine out of the body.

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence.

____________ is blood pressure that is higher than normal.

The liquid part of blood is referred to as ____________.

Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of ____________ on blood cells.

Tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place are called ____________.

The disease in which air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow is ____________.

A wave of involuntary muscle contractions that moves food through the digestive system is called ____________.

The physical breakdown of chunks of food into smaller pieces is referred to as ___________ digestion.

The small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections named ____________.

Solid waste that leaves the large intestine is known as ____________.

____________ are organic compounds needed in small amounts for the body to function properly.

yellowalligator287

1. Fill in the words or phrases that best complete each sentence. Be as specific as possible.

a. Erythrocytes contain the enzyme -------- , which catalyzes the conversion of metabolically produced CO₂ and water into --------- .

b. Most old erythrocytes are removed from circulation and destroyed by cells called ------------- , as they rupture passing through the narrow capillaries of the organ called the --------- .

c. Undifferentiated cells called------------ reside in the bone marrow, where they continuously divide and-------------- to give rise to each of the types of blood cells.

d. The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary ----------- to exit the vasculature is known as ----------- . Once they leave the bloodstream to fight a pathological condition, they never return.

e. The genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte are called-------------- , and a person with agglutinins that react with type A and blood type B has type------------- blood.

f. During embryonic development, ninety-nine percent of the cardiac fibers are specialized for the function called----------- , whereas the remainder is specialized for-------------- .

g. The action potential delay at the-------------------- ensures that atrial excitation and contraction are complete before------------------ excitation and contraction commence.

h. The--------------------- is the volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed. An increase of this volume occurs when the stroke volume is .

i. The three cations, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Na⁺ have an important effect of heart function. Increased blood levels of Na⁺ blocks----------------- inflow and results in a decrease in the force of contraction, while an excess of---------------- blocks the generation of action potentials.

j. An increase in parasympathetic activity ---------------- has the following effect on stroke volume: ---------------- . An increase in parasympathetic activity --------------- atrial contractility.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a tool that has been very useful in identifying what parts of the brain do what. Scientists can have a person perform some particular activity and then look for active areas in the brain. How does fMRI work?

	A.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to electricity levels. The more electrical current in the area, the more active it is.
	B.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to blood flow. More blood flow indicates more activity in that area.
	C.	It takes images of thin layers of the brain and the more electrical activity in a layer, the more magnetic it is and this shows up in fMRI.
	D.	Electrodes attached to the skull can trigger activity in particular brain areas which then trigger a person to perform certain behaviors.
	E.	It takes a picture of the brain according to oxygen levels. More oxygen in an area indicates more activity in that area.

The strategy of vaccination to fight diseases uses what type of immunity?

	A.	Non-specific immunity
	B.	Cell-mediated immunity
	C.	Natural immunity
	D.	Specific immunity
	E.	Passive immunity

If you came into contact with Vibrio, what defense do you have to keep it from even getting to your intestines?

	A.	Your skin is an effective barrier against bacteria you come in contact with.
	B.	Antimicrobial enzymes in saliva
	C.	Acid in the stomach
	D.	Mucous membranes in the digestive and respiratory tract
	E.	All of the above

What do B cells do when they identify a pathogen?

	A.	Engulf and eat it
	B.	Kill it
	C.	Produce antigens to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	D.	Produce antibodies to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	E.	Engage helper T cells to fight the infection

There are chemical signals that call on non-infected cells to help fight a virus. Which are they?

	A.	Complement proteins
	B.	Macrophages
	C.	B cells
	D.	Interferons
	E.	Natural killer cells

When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?

	A.	Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells.
	B.	Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection.
	C.	Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection.
	D.	A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others.
	E.	It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them.

BCH210H1 Lecture Notes - Microwave Popcorn, Olive Oil, Umber

BCH210H1 Full Course Notes

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