BIOA01H3 Chapter 3: Chapter 3 Study Guide

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9 Jan 2011

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Chapter 3 macromolecules and the origin of life. Polymer-> covalent bonding of smaller molecules called monomers. Macromolecules-> polymers with molecular weight exceeding 1000 i. e. protein, polysaccharide, nucleic acid. Functional groups are small groups of atoms that have specific chemical properties. When attached to molecules, the functional group exhibits specific chemical properties on the large molecules. Isomers have different arrangements of the same atoms. Isomers are molecules that have the same kind and number of atom, but are arranged differently. Structural isomers differ in how their atoms are joined together. Optical isomers-> molecules that are mirror image of each other. >hereditary material that carries traits of species from generation to generation. Most macromolecules are formed by condensation and broken down by hydrolysis. Condensation (dehydration) -> two monomers join together to form polymer with the release of water. Hydrolysis-> water is needed to break the covalent bond of polymer and form two monomers as product.

Related Questions

Closely related macromolecules often have many characteristics in common. For example, they share many of the same chemical elements and functional groups. Therefore, to separate or distinguish closely related macromolecules, we need to determine how they differ and then target or label that difference.

a) What makes RNA different from DNA?

b) If you wanted to use a radioactive or fluorescent tag to label only the RNA in a cell and not the DNA, what compound(s) could you label that is/are specific for RNA?

c) If you wanted to label only the DNA, what compound(s) could you label?

skycattle607

(1-1) Describe the importance of the polar functional groups within the carbon-based macromolecules in terms of their solubility, 3-dimensional structure, and intermolecular recognition.

Why are macromolecules continually being synthesized in a cell?

	a.	Macromolecules typically have a half-life in the order of days.
	b.	If the energy produced by the cell through aerobic respiration is not used, components of the cell will become oxidized.
	c.	Growth of the cell requires the synthesis of new components.
	d.	a and c.
	e.	b and c.

The synthesis of macromolecules is thermodynamically favourable due to which of the following?

	a.	The energy required for the synthesis of macromolecules comes indirectly from substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, or photophosphorylation.
	b.	The energy required comes from the synthesis of macromolecules from ribonucleotide triphosphates or deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates.
	c.	The concentration of the reactants (monomers) and products (the macromolecule) completely drives polymer formation.
	d.	The macromolecule possesses less free energy than the monomers, thus no energy is needed.
	e.	a and b.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

	a.	Lipids are synthesized as linear chains of fatty acids.
	b.	Polysaccharides are synthesized as linear or branched chains of monosaccharides.
	c.	Nucleic acids are synthesized as linear chains of nucleotides.
	d.	Polypeptides are synthesized as linear chains of amino acids.
	e.	None of the above.

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BIOA01H3 Chapter 3: Chapter 3 Study Guide

BIOA01H3 Full Course Notes

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