BPK 142 Chapter : Lab Review Q's - Cardiovascular Responses to Submaximal Exercise

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aquamarinehedgehog675

14 Dec 2011

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Biomedical Physio & Kines

Course

BPK 142

Professor

Craig Asmundson

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Document Summary

Lab #9 cardiovascular responses to submaximal exercise. Describe the step-by-step procedure for measuring blood pressure. Measured using a sphygmomanometer (bp cuff + aneroid manometer together) and a stethoscope. Sit comfortably with a slightly flexed arm that is supported at level on a smooth surface. Note any biological factors which alter bp such as anxiety, meals, tobacco, exertion, pain, etc. Circumference of upper arm = <25 cm = child size cuff; 25-35 cm = adult cuff; >35 cm = large cuff. Wrap the deflated cuff around the upper arm as shown in. The cuffs have arrows labelled left or right which should be placed over the brachial artery of the appropriate arm. closed by turning the screw clockwise until it is a little snug. Locate the brachial artery in the antecubital space (area on the forearm frontal to the elbow), medial and underneath the biceps tendon. Biceps tendon runs through the middle of the elbow joint on the anterior.

Related Questions

1. What is the significance of the ST segment?

a. ventricular depolarization

b. ventricular systole

c. atrial systole

d. atrial depolarization

2. Ventricular contraction is also known as ventricular __________.

3. Ventricular diastole is also known as ventricular __________.

A nurse takes your blood pressure and tells you the numbers are 110/70. What are your blood pressures?

rev: 11_20_2014_QC_55932

a. Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg

b. Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 70 mmHg

The brachial artery is the most common site of blood pressure measurement with the sphygmomanometer.

True

False

Cardiac cycle is the ____________________________.

a. The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute

b. One complete contraction and relaxation of all chambers of the heart

c. The pressure blood exerts on the wall of blood vessels

d. Depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles

coffeesalmon954

Part I. Stretch reflexes. First do muscle stretch reflexes which are also called deep tendon reflexes. It is important the subject relax the muscle being tested. Tell the subject to let the muscle go limp. Rate each response according to the following scale: +4 very brisk, hyperactive, large movement at joint. +3 brisker than average, medium movement at joint +2 average, small movement at joint +1 somewhat diminished, very small or no movement at joint 0 no response A. Patellar (also called the knee jerk reflex) â activation of femoral nerve. The receptor is located in the quadriceps muscle, the effector is the quadriceps muscle. The nerve ending is responding to the stretch of the muscle caused by striking the tendon. 1. A subject is allowed to sit comfortably on a table with knees dangling over the edge. 2. Using a reflex hammer (or substitute as described above) strike the patellar tendon just below the kneecap. 3. Observe the action caused by the reflex. 4. Record your results using the graded scale above. B. Biceps Reflex â activation of the musculocutaneous nerve 1. Rest subjectâs left forearm along your left forearm. 2. Subjectâs hand should rest in or near the bend of your elbow. 3. Press your left thumb on the subjectâs biceps tendon, apply a little pressure. 4. Strike your thumb with the reflex hammer, this will transfer the pressure to the biceps tendon. 5. Watch carefully for twitching of the biceps muscle. Usually, the forearm will not move. 6. Record your results using the graded scale above. C. Triceps reflex â activation of the radial nerve. This is a difficult reflex to observe, but give it a try. 1. The subject should have the arm relaxed and elbow bent. 2. Support the entire weight of the arm with your left hand. 3. Strike the triceps tendons, just above the elbow. 4. Watch carefully for twitching of the biceps muscle. 5. Record your results using the graded scale above. Both B and C show up best on someone who doesnât have a lot of subcutaneous fat and who has good muscle definition. D. Achilles reflex (also called ankle-jerk reflex) â activation of the poplitealnerve. The principle is similar to the knee-jerk reflex. Here the stretch receptors are located in the gastrocnemius muscle. 1. Have the subject take her/his shoes and socks off, exposing the Achilles tendon on the back of the ankle. 2. Strike the Achilles with the reflex hammer (or substitute) and observe the extension of the foot downward. 3. Record the results using the graded scale above. Part II. Cutaneous reflexes A. Plantar reflex This reflex differs from the four muscle stretch reflexes. In this reflex, receptors are stimulated in the sole of the foot (cutaneous receptors). The reflex pathway travels up the leg to the integrating center. While in the integrating center, the reflex travels up the spinal cord through the pyramidal tracts, which are nerve pathways between the spinal cord and brain. 1. The subject needs to lie on his or her back, with shoes and socks off. 2. Using the end of the handle of the reflex hammer, trace a path along the lateral side from heel to the little toe to the big toe. 3. Observe for the flexion (toe curling) which is recorded as a normal plantar reflex. 4. If the toes curl, this is called a Negative Babinski response and is normal. If the toes flare, then an abnormal response is recorded and is called a Positive Babinski response and indicates CNS damage. 5. Record the results. B. Ciliospinal reflex â This reflexive pathway is from the skin to the thoracic spinal cord, through the sympathetic trunk, then to the dilator pupillae muscle of the eye. This is another test of the CNS. 1. Pinch the back of the subjectâs neck, 2. Watch pupils for a response. 3. A normal response is dilation of the pupil. 4. Record your results.

Answer the following and provide a BRIEF/SHORT explanation for each:

A. While using dot points, briefly describe how a sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure. Note: Focus on the action of the cuff on the vasculature of the arm to explain your point.

B. In 2 sentences, briefly describe how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems alter the rate of the SA node depolarisation.

C. In short, what two factors affect mean arterial blood pressure?

D. Why do humans have a plateau phase in the action potentials of the cardiomyocytes of the bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers and the Ventricular walls, that results in a large absolute refractory period?

E. What causes the plateau phase in the action potential of the cardiomyocytes reffered in D? (In other words: What is the closed or open status of the particular ion channel and what is the relevant ion responsible?)

F. Why is the 'Pacemaker' potential of the AV and SA node cardiomyocytes unstable? (i.e. what is the molecular basis of the said instability?)

G. What ions are responsible for the depolarization phase in (a) cardiomyocytes of the AV and SA nodes; and (b) the other cardiomyocytes?

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BPK 142 Chapter : Lab Review Q's - Cardiovascular Responses to Submaximal Exercise

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