Biology 3594A : October 20, 2011 - Luloff et. al

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tanhippopotamus305

15 Dec 2011

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Radiation exposure differentially affects songbird 8-hydroxy-20- deoxyguanosine plasma profiles: What does dna damage by proxy mean: can use levels of different molecules in the body to measure dna damage. For example, measuring 8-oh-dg levels in blood plasma (particle that is released into blood plasma after irradiation) can indicate levels of dna damage. What makes the two song bird species excellent subjects in the luloff et. al study: with songbirds, can study the effects of radiation easily because birds are easily captured and manipulated. What is the comet assay: undamaged dna has a highly organized association with matrix proteins in the nucleus. When damaged, the organization is disrupted: when the electric field is applied to the dna, it is drawn towards the anode. The smaller fragments will leave the cavity, but larger undamaged pieces will not: the amount of dna that leaves the cavity is a measure of the amount of dna damage in the cell.

Related Questions

On an island chain in the Pacific Ocean, you come across a number of species of hummingbirds. The species are all similar enough that they probably all share a common ancestor, yet different enough to be classified as separate species. How does the theory of evolution by natural selection explain how these hummingbird species arose? Explain the events and the process that might have to this diversity in this situation.

(Answer the question clearly and separately in detail. Much Thanks)

What problems does horizontal gene transfer cause for evolutionary biologists?

It can make reconstruction of phylogenetic trees difficult because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships.

It can cause physiological problems in some organisms, making it hard to study them.

It can make breeding between different individuals of the same species difficult.

Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look more similar than they actually are.

All of the above

Which statement best describes the maximum parsimony approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees?

A pathway is constructed that requires the minimum number of changes to arrive at the modern species from a common ancestor.

The tree is based on relationships that show the maximum probability of obtaining a set of characteristics.

Relationships on the tree are based on overall similarity between species.

Branches on the tree are constructed from the predicted date of speciation, measured in millions of years.

The best phylogeny is selected by comparing models representing random mutation and adaptive radiation.

ambermouse112

When I studied biology at my medical school we used to learnthings about a century old: the famous Darwin's voyage on "Beagle"to the Galapagos Islands, the classical triad of his Theory ofEvolution, etc.

At the same time we were told that there is no any evidencefound in nature for many of these statemetns of his evolutionaltheory. For example people studied wildlife around Chernobyl andfound that no new species emerged due to much higher mutation ratedue to radiation. On the contrary, there were no significantdifferences between the species living under elevated radiationlevel and those living in "normal" conditions.

Do these facts somehow influece our understanding of the theoryof evolution? Are there any breaking finding happended in the last20 years that prove or disprove it?

Biology 3594A : October 20, 2011 - Luloff et. al

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