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MGY377H1 Final: Exam notes

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redtermite204
24 Dec 2011
School
UTSG
Department
Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
Course
MGY377H1
Professor
William Navarre

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Document Summary

Oxidation of these inorganic compounds by oxygen can generate sufficient energy for atp synthesis. H2 is common product of bacterial metabolism. Hydrogenases mediate oxidation of h2: membrane-bound enzymes passes electrons to etc, soluble form in cytoplasm directly reduces nad+ Oxidize many sulphur compounds final product is h+ and sulphuric acid. Step wise oxidation: hydrogen sulphide to sulphur to sulphate, deposition in granules. Sulphide important intermediate: can be oxidized via sulphide oxidase pathway or adenosine phosphosulfate reductase, nadh reductant produced by reverse electron flow. Very short route of electron transport to oxygen. Reductant nadh generated by reverse electron flow. High reduction potentials for both redox couples: reductant nadh generated by reverse electron flow, slow growth not much energy produced. Aerobic respiration: terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen. Inorganic compounds reduced for use as nutrient source: like nitrate, sulphate, carbon dioxide, only enough reduced for growth needed.

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Related Questions

For each of the following statements about anaerobic metabolism, respond "True" or "False".
Select all that are True.
1) In fermentation the terminal electron acceptor is an organic compound.
2) For a bacterium to use anaerobic respiration it must have a supply of some oxidized mineral such as: nitrate or sulfate.
3) In ethanol fermentation the terminal electron acceptor is an inorganic compound.
4) The terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration is a reducing reagent.
5) In lactic acid fermentation the terminal electron acceptor is pyruvate.

1. Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?
Fermentation
An electron transport chain
Pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis
All of the above
2. The primary purpose of catabolism is
generation of ADP.
generation of ATP.

oxidation of NADH to NAD+.
degradation of organic molecules.
biosynthesis.
3. What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?
It is reduced to lactic acid.
It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
It is catabolized in glycolysis.
It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.
4. Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by
a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
d) Both a and b
e) All of the above
5. How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?
Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
These are other names for glycolysis.
Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.
6. The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate
a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
d) Both a and b
e) Both b and c
7. Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?
The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid

The complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 andH2O
The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
The production of ATP from glucose
The production of ethanol from glucose
8. A reaction that yields energy has a
positive ?Go?.
negative ?Go?.
positive ?Eo?.
negative ?Eo?.
negative ?Ho?.
9. Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause
a) electrons generally accompany protons.
b) protons generally accompany protons.
c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
d) Both a and b
e) All of the above
10. Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?
It involves the reduction of oxygen.
It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
It does not generate ATP.

. Bacteria can generate energy using a variety of different electron transport chain components depending on the environment. a. List the three common components of most electron transport chains? b. Under what environmental condition would a bacterium shift its metabolism from aerobic organotrophy to aerobic lithotrophy? c. Which component(s) of the respiratory chain from 4a would change under the environmental conditions of 3b? d. Define รขย€ยœreverse electron flow.รขย€ย What is the product and why is this process necessary?