HLTB21H3 Chapter Notes -Drug Injection

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harlequinworm30

3 Jan 2012

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Ch 5: aids (western & central africans and asians) Human retrovirus reverse transcriptase hiv dis d in 83. > hiv-1 found globally; hiv-2 found in west africa. 81: young male homosexuals had to be treated w/ the drug pentamidine for pcp (pneumocystis pneumonia) caused by pneumocystis carinii; the symptoms were fever, lung congestion & respiratory failure. > gay-related immune deficiency (grid) was labelled for this collection of symptoms. 83: montagnier (french) named the causative agent human lymphotropic t-cell virus (hltv iii) & > today, it is renamed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) that leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) Hiv is rna contained within a protein wrapper (the core) encased in an outer virus coat (capsid) within the outermost layer (envelope) which is part of the host. > transfer of genetic info is: rna> dna> rna> protein; hiv is a retrovirus b/c its flow of info is reverse of what s typical in cells.

Related Questions

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects helper T cells.What is the role of these cells in the immune system (be ascomplete as possible)? How does the loss of these cells lead to theprofound immunodeficiency seen in people who develop AIDS (AcquiredImmune Defiiciency Syndrome) as a result of being infected withthis virus.

Ms. C.A., a 38-year-old dancer, went to the emergency department one night after work. She reported a worsening condition of shortness of breath with an unproductive cough, mild chest pain, and tiredness. She also reported persistent diarrhea for the past 6 weeks and weight loss (without dieting) of 16 pounds.

She had no history of smoking or of previous respiratory illness. Her medical history included genital herpes and gonorrhea within the past 2 years. She has had unprotected intercourse with numerous sexual partners.

A complete blood count (CBC), electrocardiogram (ECG), and chest radiograph were ordered. Subsequent to the chest film report of diffuse, bilateral, interstitial shadowing, a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed.

Laboratory Data

Assay Patient Result Reference Range

Hemoglobin 11.5 g/dL 13.5-17.5

Hematocrit 38% 39-51

Total WBC 5.8 Ã 10⁹/L 4.5-11.0

Absolute lymphocyte count 0.75 Ã 10⁹/L 1.6-3.5

T lymphocytes

CD4+ 0.13 Ã 10⁹/L 0.7-1.1

CD8+ 0.42 Ã 10⁹/L 0.5-0.9

B lymphocytes 0.10 Ã 10⁹/L 0.2-0.5

BAL Positive for Pneumocystis carinii

Questions:

Is this patient considered to be immunodeficient? (3 pts)

2. What further diagnostic assays would be useful in establishing a diagnosis? (5 pts)

3. What opportunistic pathogens are typically associated with patients who have an immunodeficiency? (2 pts)

a. Cryptococcus neoformans

b. Cytomegalovirus

c. Hepatitis B virus

d. Both a and b

The genome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a pair of identical single-stranded RNA molecules. After the virus enters a host cell, a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from the genomic RNA and integrated into the host genome, where it is eventually transcribed as a full-length RNA molecule. Some of the primary transcript molecules undergo RNA splicing and translation; others are not spliced and form the genome of new HIV particles. Is this life cycle compatible or not compatible with the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics? Clearly and succinctly explain your reasoning.

HLTB21H3 Chapter Notes -Drug Injection

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