FRHD 1010 Chapter 2: Chapter 2 Notes
18 Jan 2012
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Document Summary
Cells in the human body contain 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs, with 1 chromosome in each pair inherited from the mother and the other from the father. Chromosomes: sausage-shaped structure in the nucleus of cells, containing genes, which are paired, except in reproductive cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna): long strand of cell material that stores and transfers genetic information in all life forms. Genome: entire store of an organism s hereditary information. Phenotype: organism s actual characteristics, derived from its genotype. Dominant-recessive inheritance: pattern of inheritance in which a pair of chromosomes contains one dominant and one recessive gene, but only the dominant gene is expressed in the phenotype. Allele: on a pair of chromosomes, each of two forms of a gene. Polygenic inheritance: expression of phenotypic characteristics due to the interaction of multiple genes. Gene therapy: method of treating genetic disorders that involves replacing the affected genes with genes that do not have the disorder.
