HMB200H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Neurotransmitter, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum
Document Summary
Cholinergic cell groups ch1-6: ch 1 hippocampal memory, ch 2, 3, 4 basal nuclei project to entire cortico (net excitatory effect, ch 1-4 mainly project forward, mesopontine in brainstem at midbrain pontine border. Ch 5, 6 excite thalamus & dopamine neurons, inhibit startle. Many f"ns: ch 7, 8 newly discovered, project more located. Catecholamines: tyrosine (not catecholamine) l-dopa(catecholamine, main treatment for parkinsons) dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine. Presence of enzymes tells which transmitters found. All closely linked by precursor tyrosine aa. Identified cell groups in brain (a1-17) more in midbrain (double ring structure) Tryptophan 5-hydroxytryptamine (5ht) = serotonin melatonin (sleep, peripheral glandular f"ns) Locud coeruleus a15 biggest, projects to entire cortico mammal sky blue colour preject to hypothal, most rostral project to cortex. Not many neurons w these; many more neurons w gaba effects of many brain areas: small # of cells project to wide area powerful widespread activational & inhibitional. Some other transmitters: atp & purines (e. g. adenosine)
