Religious Studies 1023E Lecture : Lecture - Shinto

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18 Jan 2012

School

Western University

Department

Religious Studies

Course

Religious Studies 1023E

Professor

Mahdi Tourage

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Document Summary

Shinto y no text in japan until chinese and buddhist monks arrived (550 ce: brought not just buddhism: written texts, tao te ching, chung-tzu, Indigenous religion of japan: buddhism, confucianism, and taoism all from china, influenced by chinese and their traditions y four periods, 1. 6-19th century ce (ryobu shinto (ryobu means mixed)/shinbutsu. Konko (shin shinto, butu buddhism, konko - mixed: 3. 19th century ww2 state shinto: 4. Ww2 present modern shinto y prior to the arrival of the chinese: basically a folk religion, not many features expected in a religion. no founder, canon of texts, doctrines, little emphasis on afterlife, recognized ethical code: animism. India-china-japan beginning of religion is similar y world populated with unseen spirits y wanted to enter into relationship with these spirits: india = devas, china = shen. Japan = kami: probably originally called kami no michi way of the spirits.

Related Questions

Meadow voles differ from prairie voles in that they:

	a.	are not monogamous.
	b.	show preference for a single partner if the AVPR1A gene is blocked.
	c.	release vasopressin but not oxytocin.
	d.	release oxytocin but not vasopressin.

5 points

Question 2

Painful events are detected by:

	a.	Free nerve endings.
	b.	Merkel's disks.
	c.	Meissner's corpuscles.
	d.	Pacinian corpuscles.

5 points

Question 3

It has been found that:

	a.	Language memory is stored near Broca's area.
	b.	Identifying pictures of hand tools uses memories stored in the left temporal lobe and hand motor areas.
	c.	Identifying the color of an object requires memories stored in the temporal lobe.
	d.	All of the above.

5 points

Question 4

Sex is considered to be a form of ___ behavior.

	a.	chaotic
	b.	motivated
	c.	learned
	d.	innate

5 points

Question 5

A difference between Einstein's brain and the average brain is that:

	a.	It was larger in size.
	b.	It was lighter in weight.
	c.	There were more neurons.
	d.	There was no difference.

5 points

Question 6

The individual in the opening chapter vignette lost virtually all motor control because the control of our muscles and, hence, our limbs and bodies is heavily influenced by and has to be integrated with our ___.

	a.	proprioception sense
	b.	vestibular sense
	c.	skin senses
	d.	visceral sense

5 points

Question 7

Which cortical area is most important for maintaining information in working memory when a distracting stimulus is introduced?

	a.	Temporal lobe.
	b.	Parietal lobe.
	c.	Prefrontal cortex.
	d.	All of the above.

5 points

Question 8

The anxiolytics that have the highest abuse and addiction potentials are:

	a.	Barbiturates.
	b.	SNRIs.
	c.	Benzodiazepines.
	d.	Tricyclics.

5 points

Question 9

If your grandfather suffered a stroke in his left prefrontal cortex, in what ability would he likely be most impaired?

	a.	Working out a complicated math problem in his head.
	b.	Wondering what the capital city of Nevada is.
	c.	Playing the piano.
	d.	Quickly telling you the value of 3x3.

5 points

Question 10

Major depression:

	a.	Can usually be explained by exposure to prolonged stress.
	b.	Always consists of decreased physical activity.
	c.	Generally appears after midlife.
	d.	None of the above.

5 points

Question 11

According to your text, one of the reasons that some psychologists question the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is that:

	a.	Symptoms seem to come and go.
	b.	The symptoms are not consistent across diagnosing psychologists.
	c.	The number of diagnosed cases increased from 500 to 5000 over a period of six years.
	d.	They believe it is a popular diagnosis due to movies such as The Three Faces of Eve.

5 points

Question 12

When the differences in body size are accounted for, the average male's brain is ___ than the average female's brain.

	a.	heavier
	b.	lighter
	c.	the same size
	d.	the same ratio

5 points

Question 13

All of the following make it difficult to determine if there are gender-related differences in behavior and cognition except:

	a.	The results show evidence for strong differences, but people do not want to accept them.
	b.	Different researchers tend measure the same characteristic in different ways.
	c.	The differences that exist are relatively small.
	d.	People tend to talk to children dressed as boys or girls in different, subtle ways.

5 points

Question 14

The leading environmental cause of intellectual disability is:

	a.	Maternal alcoholism.
	b.	Rubella.
	c.	Prenatal exposure to virus.
	d.	Early infancy exposure to viruses.

5 points

Question 15

Antipsychotic medicines have come to be known as ___, which means ___.

	a.	psycholeptics; to have antipsychotic effects
	b.	neuroleptics; to have anti-neurosis effects
	c.	neuroleptics; to seize control of a neuron
	d.	psycholeptics; to seize control of a psychosis

5 points

Question 16

Using classical conditioning to pair a loud boat horn with presenting a blue slide, researchers found that with:

	a.	Hippocampus damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned.
	b.	Amygdala damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned.
	c.	Hippocampus damage, no conditioning occurred but subjects could describe the procedure.
	d.	None of the above.

5 points

Question 17

In the most famous case of Ablatio penis, where a young boy with XY chromosomes had his penis destroyed during a circumcision,

	a.	the child (Bruce) was born as a hermaphrodite and the decision was made to rear him as a girl (Brenda).
	b.	Money counseled the parents that by rearing the child (Bruce) as a girl, âsheâ (Brenda) would accept a female gender identity.
	c.	the child lost both testicles, which was the source for all of the male-specific hormones in âherâ body.
	d.	Money showed that the âneutral-at-birthâ position was in fact correct.

5 points

Question 18

The method of introspection is seldom used in today's research because:

	a.	Machines were developed that were more accurate.
	b.	It was found to be too subjective.
	c.	It required too much training to produce accurate results.
	d.	All of the above.

5 points

Question 19

Both Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease produce damage to:

	a.	Declarative memory.
	b.	Nondeclarative memory.
	c.	Memory of Lincolnâs birthplace.
	d.	Memory of what you had for breakfast.

5 points

Question 20

Lucid dreamers:

	a.	Show characteristics of being both awake and asleep.
	b.	Can control the content of their dreams.
	c.	Know that they are dreaming.
	d.	All of the above.

Meadow voles differ from prairie voles in that they:

1. The high economic growth from the Industrial Revolution was characterized by

a. new opportunities to settle empty areas, particularly North America.

b. rapid technological and scientific innovation.

c. the expansion of national governments in Europe and North America.

d. a rapid increase in the accumulation of human and physical capital.

e. none of the above.

2. Periods of economic growth and prosperity can often be explained by

a. political paradigm shifts.

b. technological innovation

c. movement of capital

d. both a and b

e. both b and c

3. Prior to the onset of economic reform in the late 1980s, the Soviet Union and

most Eastern European countries allocated resources primarily by means of

a. markets.

b. national economic plans.

c. neither a nor b.

d. both a and b.

4. A major theme in the 1980s in the governments of England and the U.S.was

a. the appropriate role of government in the economy.

b. the pressure for expanding trade with former socialist block countries.

c. repressing inflation.

d. increasing employment opportunities.

e. none of the above.

5. One example of the expansion of internationalism in the 1990s was the development of a trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This agreement is known as

a. the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).

b. the IMF (International Monetary Fund).

c. the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement).

d. the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance).

6. The contemporary Chinese economy is of interest because

a. it combines central planning with a multiparty democratic political system.

b. it combines the market with a multiparty democratic political system.

c. it combines the market with a single-party political system.

d. none of the above.

7. In the analysis of the planned socialist economic systems, the concept of economic reform is usually referred to as

a. the replacement of the plan by the market after the collapse of the planning system.

b. the attempt to improve the operation of the planned economy without a significant shift toward market arrangements.

c. the frequent attempt, in the planned socialist economic systems, to introduce the industrial policy.

d. none of the above.

8. The modern approach to defining economic systems

a. is based on the isms of capitalism and socialism.

b. emphasizes resource allocation arrangements over incentive systems.

c. defines economic systems according to a number of characteristics.

d. recognizes that defining economic systems is impossible.

e. none of the above.

9. Which of the following is not a major attribute of an economic system (Based on the textbook)?

a. Organization of decision-making arrangements.

b. Mechanisms for providing information and coordination.

c. Economic policies.

d. The system's physical and human capital.

e. Both c and d are correct.

10. A planned economy is one in which

a. subunits are coordinated by directives formulated by a superior agency.

b. subunits are not induced by appropriate incentives to carry out plan directives.

c. market allocation is combined with planned allocation.

d. a ministerial system prevails.

e. none of the above.

11. Property ownership rights include

a. disposition and utilization.

b. disposition, utilization, and the right to use the products and services generated.

c. disposition, utilization, and team production.

d. disposition, utilization, and economic incentives.

e. none of the above.

12. Consumer sovereignty means that

a. central planning is absent.

b. consumers elect public officials.

c. consumers make the basic decisions on what is to be produced.

d. consumers are not affected by advertising.

e. none of the above.

13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of market socialism?

a. Centralized decision-making.

b. Market allocation.

c. State or collective ownership.

d. Combination of moral and economic incentives.

e. All are characteristic of market socialism.

14. Two factors generally believed to be important in the analysis of levels of decision-making are

a. incentives and ownership.

b. authority and information.

c. level of economic development and ideological focus.

d. all of the above.

e. none of the above

15. Moral incentives generally refer to

a. direct money payments made to participants.

b. supplements to direct money payments, such as bonuses.

c. rewards that do not give the recipient greater command over goods and services but rather serve to reward desirable behavior.

d. all of the above.

e. none of the above

16. Principals and agents are different people. An agent is a party

a. who has controlling authority in an organization.

b. who acts on behalf of a principal.

c. with equity rights in the organization.

d. a and b are correct.

e. none of the above.

17. According to the text, opportunistic behavior occurs when a lower-level unit of an organization can use its information advantage against the interests of its superiors. This form of behavior, it is argued, can take two forms:

a. indicative planning and directive planning.

b. planners' preferences and consumer sovereignty.

c. moral hazard and adverse selection.

d. a and b are correct.

e. none of the above.

18. According to the text, there are two extremes of organizational structure. These extremes are termed

a. planned or market

b. corporate or individual proprietorship.

c. association based or hierarchy based.

d. a and c are correct.

e. none of the above.

19. It is often assumed that individuals who participate in the organized activity do so within the constraints of bounded rationality. The concept of bounded rationality

means that

a. individuals may not in fact pursue self-interest.

b. individuals face a variety of limitations, for example, in the ability to process information.

c. agents will never pursue goals or objectives set by principals.

d. b and c are correct

e. none of the above.

20. Modern comparative economists would object to the definition of economic systems only in terms of property ownership arrangements, because

a. they recognize that ownership arrangements are not important.

b. there is some private ownership of property in every economic system.

c. ownership arrangements are only one aspect of the economic system.

d. resource allocation procedures are much more important than property ownership.

e. all of the above.

amaranthhedgehog298

Question 1

In order to compete effectively in todayâs increasingly globalised market, many companies have used features related to environmental sustainability to âwinâ new customers.

In relation to the company you work in or one that you are familiar with,

(a) Explain the term âsustainable business strategyâ and how this strategy relates to operations and supply chain management.

(8 marks)

(b) Identify an operations and supply chain-related "disruption" that impacted the company. What could the company have done to minimise the impact of this type of disruption prior to it occurring?

(7 marks)

(c) You have recently been appointed as the production manager of the company. To meet the demands of its global market, the company has set up production locations in two different countries. One is located in the USA while the other is located in a Southeast Asian country. You want to find out what is the productivity of the current operations at the two production locations. You have obtained the following results from the production supervisor (Table 1).

Table 1

*FC â Foreign Currency where $1 = FC 10

	USA	Southeast Asia
Sales (units)	100,000	20,000
Labour (hours)	20,000	15,000
Raw materials (currency)	$20,00	*FC 20,000
Capital equipment (hours)	60,00	5,000

(i) Calculate the multifactor productivity figures for labour and capital together. Do the results make sense?

(5 marks)

(ii) Calculate raw material productivity figures (units/$) and explain any differences in these figures.

(5 marks)

Question 2

(a) A Japanese fast food restaurant, OiShi is concerned about its ability to provide quality service as they continue to grow and attract more customers. Its management has collected data from Friday and Saturday nights, its busiest times of the week. During these nights, about 75 customers arrive per hour for service. Given the number of tables and chairs, and the typical time it takes to serve a customer, the restaurant can serve on average about 100 customers per hour.

Analyse the restaurant service process in these nights where the data are collected and comment on whether the services are in the zone of service, the critical zone, or the zone of non-service? (Refer to Figure 2 when providing your answers)

Figure 2: Relationship between the Rate of Service Utilisation (r) and service quality

(4 marks)

The management anticipates that the restaurantâs demand will double in one year as long as it can provide good service to its customers. How much will the restaurant have to increase its service capacity to stay out of the critical zone?

(4 marks)

(b) Describe the characteristics of service processes of a typical fast food restaurant based on your service encounters.

(10 marks)

(c) Examine the strategies to manage service encounters. You should provide details on any TWO (2) possible customer-introduced variability in the service processes and propose THREE (3) accommodating strategies to effectively address these variabilities.

(7 marks)

Question 3

(a) Consider your organisation or one that you are familiar with that plays a role in the global supply chain network. This organisation can be a supplier, manufacturer, distributor, logistics service provider or retailer in a particular industry (e.g. fast-moving consumer goods, electronics, oil and gas, and pharmaceuticals). In your answer, you should relate the concepts and strategies in operations and supply chain management to the work environment.

Explain how the aggregate operations plan can help match supply with demand and optimise operational costs in this organisation.

(4 marks)

Provide TWO (2) strategies that can be used to influence demand and TWO (2) strategies that can be used to adjust capacity to match demand.

(8 marks)

(b) The development of web-based tools has allowed companies to collaborate on a larger scale and perform its operations and supply chain activities with greater ease. Demonstrate how collaborative techniques can be used to forecast demand. You should provide details such as the various stages of activities that are involved.

(8 marks)

Discuss the risks of being too reliant on the internet as a collaboration tool in demand forecasting and management.

(5 marks)

Question 4

Kee Wah Store sells a variety of exquisite European cookies and candies to the consumer market. The demand for cookies and candies is volatile and varies from month to month. The store orders from its suppliers. The lead time is normally one month, mainly consisting of the sea freight transportation time from Europe to Singapore. The store keeps a certain level of inventory at its warehouse.

The total demand for chocolate cookies is estimated to be 7,200 packets a year. The chocolate cookie packet is sourced from the supplier at $5 per packet and is sold to the end consumer at $15 per packet. It costs $100 to place an order to the supplier, and costs 20% of unit cost to store a packet of chocolate cookies for one year.

(a) Give FOUR (4) reasons why Kee Wah Store needs to maintain some inventory at its warehouse.

(8 marks)

(b) Examine the inventory situation for Kee Wah Store by applying the EOQ model to solve for order quantity and reorder point. What is the annual ordering cost, annual holding cost and total annual cost?

(10 marks)

(c) One supplier, Nee Ann Import Inc., approaches Kee Wah Store and proposes that it could shorten the lead time from one month to one week using airfreight.

What are the factors that Kee Wah Store needs to consider before deciding to accept or reject Nee Ann Importâs offer?

----- END OF PAPER -----

(7 marks)

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Religious Studies 1023E Lecture : Lecture - Shinto

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