BIOA01H3 Chapter 12: Chapter 12

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12 Feb 2012

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12. 1 what is the evidence that genes code for proteins? y the molecular basis of phenotypes was actually discovered before it was known that dna was the genetic material. In other words, the function of a gene is to control the production of a single, specific polypeptide. 12. 2 how does information flow from genes to proteins? y the expression of a gene to form a polypeptide occurs in to major steps: Transcription copies the information of a dna sequence (a gene) into corresponding information in an rna sequence. Serves as a genome from some viruses. y central dogma: the statement that information flows from dna to rna to polypeptide (in retroviruses, there is also information flow from rna to cdna). y the messenger hypothesis and transcription: To answer the question of how information gets from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, crick and his colleagues proposed the messenger hypothesis.

Related Questions

1) Explain how the Ames test can be used to detect potential mutagens? What are the limitations of this test?

2) The base pair sequence of a region of a gene coding for a polypeptide is:

Strand A: 5â C A C C T A A C T T A C T C A G* C T T A C G A A G T C T A C C C A G C G 3â

Strand B: 3â G T G G A T T G A A T G A G T C* G A A T G C T T C A G A T G G G T C G C 5â

A.) If this gene codes for a polypeptide that contains three Tyrosines (Tyr), which strand is transcribed? (1 pt)

B). What is the nucleotide of the mRNA transcribed from this DNA? (Note: there is no âstartâ codon. Simply start from the âappropriateâ end). You MUST label the appropriate 5 â and 3â ends.

C.) What is the polypeptide sequence of the protein translated from this mRNA?

D.) Hydroxylamine (HA) affects the bold-faced (*) base pair and causes a mutation during DNA replication. What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide coded by the mutant gene?

What is colinearity?

The absence of punctuation in genetic code, other than start and stop signals.

The identity of genetic codes in different organisms.

The correspondence between the sequence of triplets and the sequence of amino acids.

The linear transfer of information from DNA to RNA

How might the described system be used to demonstrate and support the concept of colinearity?

The nearer to the initiation site the amber mutation occurs, the longer the resulting polypeptide.

The nearer to the initiation site the amber mutation occurs, the shorter the resulting polypeptide.

Position of the occurring amber mutation does not influence the length of the resulting polypeptide.

While one gene usually specifies one enzyme, which of thefollowing is not true?

One gene can specify a single enzyme if that enzyme contains asingle type of polypetide chain.

One gene can specify parts of two enzymes if the enzymes haveone type of polypeptide chain in common.

One enzyme may be determined by two genes if the enzyme has twodifferent types of polypeptide chains.

One mutation may cause multiple nutritional requirements if itinterferes with the synthesis of an intermediate common to severalpathways.

Two mutations in the same gene can never have differenteffects, even when studied in great biochemical detail.

BIOA01H3 Chapter 12: Chapter 12

BIOA01H3 Full Course Notes

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