RLG280Y1 Lecture : rlg lec 13 nov 14.pdf
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QUESTION 10
If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the promoter of your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:
The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently | ||
The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein | ||
The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome | ||
The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon | ||
The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene |
1.2 points
QUESTION 11
A competitive inhibitor is decreasing the activity of an enzyme. Predict the effect of adding more substrate to the reaction.
The substrate will increase the reaction rate by binding to the allosteric site | ||
The substrate will increase the reaction rate by competing with the inhibitor for the active site | ||
The reaction rate will not change unless the inhibitor can be removed | ||
The enzyme adjusts its shape so that the substrate, but NOT the competitive inhibitor, can bind | ||
The substrate will bind to the competitive inhibitor and block its ability to bind to the enzyme |
1.2 points
QUESTION 12
What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?
Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene | ||
Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules | ||
Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone | ||
Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene | ||
Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions |
1.2 points
QUESTION 13
What is the basic premise of cell theory?
DNA -> RNA -> protein | ||
All cells arise from pre-existing cells | ||
DNA provides the complete instructions to create a cell | ||
The identity of a cell is determined through gene expression patterns | ||
All cells contain the same four basic macromolecules |
1.2 points
QUESTION 14
What is the benefit of using BOTH the lac activator and the lac repressor to control gene expression?
Using both an activator and repressor enables cells to more accurately determine the amount of lactose available in the environment | ||
Enzymes to digest lactose are only made when energy is low and lactose is available | ||
The activator can override the inhibition of the lac operon by the repressor | ||
The repressor can control the enhancer, while the activator can control the promoter | ||
When neither the lac activator or repressor is present, expression of the lac operon is too high |
1.2 points
QUESTION 15
What is the histone code used for?
Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted | ||
Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins | ||
Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form | ||
Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur | ||
The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide |
mutations symbioses random distributions |
plants and animals sedimentary rock andfossil fuels atmosphere |
holds that something isright when it produces the greatest benefit for the greatest numberof people is not an ethicalstandard cannot be used toestimate the value of natural resources |
mutation and habitatselection mutation and globalclimate change extinction andspeciation |
be prudent and efficientin the use of natural resources consider the environmentthe ultimate servant of mankind maintain the environmentin a pristine, unaltered state |
protect areas againstdevelopment while allowing public access harvest naturalresources maintain the naturalenvironment in a pristine, unaltered state |
energy flow in anecosystem population density natural resourcefluctuations |
an educated guess thatexplains a phenomenon or answers a question an instrument that isused to examine environmental conditions the design of anexperiment that can be used for the process of science |
the importance ofconsidering environmental impacts on all living things the importance ofeconomics in environmental decisions the dual-natured view ofhumans and animals as environmental controls |
the idea that theincrease in human population would lead to famine and war the concept that humanpopulation growth would lead to greater industry and prosperitythrough education instituting fertilizeruse for agriculture |
the study of organismsand their interactions with each other and the environment a subfield ofenvironmentalism the study of the E. colifamily of bacteria |
testing hypotheses builton observation, and revising them based on results intuitive understandingof natural laws and processes the ancient writings ofHeraclitus |
Wood Mammals Water |
average number of viableoffspring produced within a population potential number ofspecies in a given area limitation on the numberof species in an ecosystem |
the drinking water inelementary schools near the river became contaminated the river caught onfire the river stoppedsupporting any plant or animal life |
nitrogen fixation ionic conversation bacterial ionization |
one-third 10% 3% |
a dominant view inscience the same as ahypothesis synonymous with thescientific method |
entropy energy electricity |
a group of similarspecies that inhabit various ecosystems a group of individuals ofa single species inhabiting a particular area (crude birth rate +immigration rate) - (crude death rate - emigration rate) |