BIOC31H3 Chapter Notes -Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cytoplasm, Nucleolus

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amaranthgnu11

27 Feb 2012

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How plants function: structure / function, resource acquisition, growth and development. Kingdom plantae: chlorophyll a and b, starch, cell walls with cellulose. Plants and freshwater green algae have a common ancestor- evolution of plants occurred in an aquatic environment. Evolutionary challenges for transition to land: water availability, gravity: mechanical rigidity, particular cell types & tissues evolved. 1st wall: thin, found in young growing cells & allows cells to stretch/expand. At colder temperatures, unsaturated plastids glycosylglyceride bilayer, galactose head group, digalactose, sulfated galactose, no phosphate: proteins integral embedded. 1: peripheral non-covalent surface attachment (cid:215, anchored covalent attachment to surface lipid the head group of the phospholipid gives it its name. Protein storing seed: light micrograph of a protoplast prepared from the aleurone layer of seeds lytic vacuole contains high protease concentration. Mitochondria: outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae are the folds, matrix is the inner part: h+ is pumped across the inner membrane into the matrix converting adp atp.

Related Questions

Which of the following was one of the earliest changes thatcontributed to the success of plants transitioning from aquatic toterrestrial ecosystems?
a. The ingestion of photosynthetic bacteria, enabling plants tophotosynthesize
b. The development of vessels to transport water
c. The development of roots to obtain nutrients and water fromsoil
d. Spores or zygotes encased in a tough coat to resist dryingout
e. The development of flowers to attractpollinator

Is it B or D? I would assume D is the seed of a gymnosperm.According to the info below, that came after the evolution ofvessels to transport water.

Please explain your answer

http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pciesiel/gly3150/plant.html

The oldest fossils reveal evolution of non-vascular plants bythe middle to late Ordovician Period (~450-440 m.y.a.) on the basisof fossil spores.
These first non-vascular, "amphibious" plants, were limitedprimarily to lowland, wet areas, of temperate to tropicallatitudes. Still most land areas were barren.
By some 420 m.y.a., seedless vascular plants evolved which werebigger and more diverse than their ancestors. These seedlessvascular plants required water for sperm to reach the eggs and werestill limited in their distribution to wet climates. These seedlessplants grew to tree size, reaching 10 or more meters by the lateDevonian (~370 m.y.a.). Lowland swampy environments had abundantseedless plants.
After the 1st land plants evolved (approximately 450 m.y.a.)they underwent rapid expansion and radiation with great forests byMiddle DevonianPeriod. (385 m.y.a.). Although these forests were limited in theirextent, vast quantities of organic material were deposited andpreserved in swampy environments. Through time and burial, thisorganic material was converted to coal, forming the firstsignificant coal deposits of Earth history.
At a similar time (late Devonian, ~375-360 m.y.a.), seedbearing gymnosperm plants (non-flowering) evolved. The developmentof the seed allowed plants to proliferate and spread to drier areasof continents. Gymnosperms became the dominant plant type between~290 to 145 m.y.a. and are still common today.
During the final days of the dinosaurs (Cretaceous), the finalchapter of plant evolution began. This was the evolution offlowering plants (angiosperms). During the Cretaceous Period,angiosperms began overcoming non-flowering plants as the dominantland plants. Since this time they have become the dominant landplants.

scarletgoldfish67

1.secifically, where are pollen grains produced in the mail reproductive organ? Specifically, where are the egg cells made in the female reproductive organ? By which nuclear process (i.e., mitosis or meiosis) are these gametes formed?

2. Seeds come from which part of the flower? Fruit is what part of the flower? The embryo comes from which part of the flower?

3. Which was taller, the stamen or the carpel? Is this important? Why or why not?
INFO -

Stamen â 1.75 inches

Carpel â 3.75 inches

Estimated number of ovules = 6

4. SOURCE OF NUTRITION -

Nonvascular plants

(e.g., mosses)

Seedless vascular plants

(e.g., ferns)

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

emeraldchimpanzee31

Outline and briefly describe the evolution of land plants, from seedless vascular plants through gymnosperms to angiosperms. List the major innovations of the gymnosperms and angiosperms that allowed them to dominate the landscape shortly after their evolution.

cerisecrow273

BIOC31H3 Chapter Notes -Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cytoplasm, Nucleolus

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