CHEM 1050 Midterm: Chem 1050 midterm notes

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Science of interconversion of different forms of energy. Essential foundation for understanding physical and biological sciences. Chemical reactions involve transfer of energy between the system and surroundings (everything but the system) Open- both mass and energy can leave and enter (body of water) Closed- energy can be exchanged but no mass can enter or leave (balloon) Isolated- neither mass or energy may enter or leave (thermos) State of system- characterized by set of variables (p, v, t, n)- state variables a. k. a. state functions. Internal energy- energy of system may change due to energy transfer into and out of system (u) 2 ways to change u: q- heat flow, w-work. Only measure changes in u, not absolute values ufinal-uinitial= u. Energy cannot be created no destroyed- only transferred in and out of system. Temperature- indication of heat content; heat flows from high to low; flow determined by molecular motions.

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