BIO 2135 : Porifera Key Words.doc

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ochrebat396

7 Mar 2012

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Amebocyte: in sponges, it is found in the mesohyl and is responsible for bringing excess food to cells that are unable to feed themselves such as the ones in the pinacoderm. Animalia: taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals. They are able to differentiate and form new choanocytes, pinacoderm, and porocytes. These are similar to the stem cells found in humans. They are the least efficient in food collection. It has a spongocoel that is lined in choanocytes. The water enters through the porocytes and then flows out of the top of the osculum due to the current created by the choanocytes. Due to the size of the cavity, some water is able to make it through without having any food taken out of it. These are the smallest sponges because they don"t take in a lot of food and therefore cannot grow very big. Asymmetric body: does not have an oral access or an aboral access.

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This post is regarding a follow up on my initial post on"Properties and life cycle of chondrocytes and tenocytes".

I am elaborating on my question on the lifespan of tenocytes andchondrocytes.

From what I have read, tenocytes and chondrocytes form frommature stem cells, more specifically Mesenchymal stem cells. Thesecells can replicate through mitosis, and are present in the body indifferent tissues like bone marrow. These cells are the key in theregeneration of diverse tissues.

When the cells that inhabit tendons or cartilage die, do new MScells travel to the tendon or cartilage area and diffentiate into anew tenocyte or chondrocyte? Are tenocytes and chondrocytescontinuously replaced?

2. The outermost layer of the human skin is called the __________. Dermis Fatty connective tissue Epidermis Ceruminous layer

3. The skin helps to protect the body from ultraviolet rays by ________________. A. Sweating B. Being flexible C. Using pigment - producing cells D. Being waterproof

4. Which of the following is NOT a protective function of the human skin? Protecting the body from chemicals Helping to regulate body temperature Protecting internal organs from abrasion Digesting external contaminants Creating a barrier between the body and ultraviolet rays from the sun

5. Which of the following is NOT an organ associated with the lymphatic system? Tonsils Spleen Pancreas Vermiform appendix Peyerâs patches

6. Tonsils ____________________. (Select all that apply) Are accessories of the integumentary system Are masses of lymphatic tissue embedded in mucous membranes Are regulated by the respiratory system Are frequently removed in a tonsillectomy Decrease in size as the body ages

7. During which stage of life are the lymphatic organs the most likely to be less functional and reduced in size? Infancy and Childhood Puberty Adulthood The size and function of the organs is not related to life stage

8. The two major groups of lymphocytes found in the body are the ___________. A lymphocytes and B lymphocytes Minor lymphocytes and Major lymphocytes B lymphocytes and C lymphocytes B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

9. The organs associated with the Alimentary Canal share which similarity/similarities? They all belong to the lymphatic system They all belong to the gastrointestinal system Food does not pass directly through them during the process of digestion Food does pass directly through them during the process of digestion Both B and D

indigoporcupine929

Answer the following and provide a BRIEF/SHORT explanation for each:

A. While using dot points, briefly describe how a sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure. Note: Focus on the action of the cuff on the vasculature of the arm to explain your point.

B. In 2 sentences, briefly describe how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems alter the rate of the SA node depolarisation.

C. In short, what two factors affect mean arterial blood pressure?

D. Why do humans have a plateau phase in the action potentials of the cardiomyocytes of the bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers and the Ventricular walls, that results in a large absolute refractory period?

E. What causes the plateau phase in the action potential of the cardiomyocytes reffered in D? (In other words: What is the closed or open status of the particular ion channel and what is the relevant ion responsible?)

F. Why is the 'Pacemaker' potential of the AV and SA node cardiomyocytes unstable? (i.e. what is the molecular basis of the said instability?)

G. What ions are responsible for the depolarization phase in (a) cardiomyocytes of the AV and SA nodes; and (b) the other cardiomyocytes?

coffeehedgehog108

BIO 2135 : Porifera Key Words.doc

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