BIO 1140 Lecture 7: Lecture 7-8-9 The Cytoskeleton.doc

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7 Mar 2012

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Bio 1140: topic three: the cytoskeleton: chapters 2. 5d, 2. 5e, 36. 1b, cytoskeleton: the cellular scaffolding or skeleton that is contained within the cytoplasm of a cell and is made out of proteins. It plays an important role in intracellular transport as well as cell division. Functions of the cytoskeleton: the provision of structure and support: this is especially true for animal cells as they lack cell walls. Example: microvilli: intracellular transport: provides an internal transport system that allows the cell to overcome slow diffusion rates over long distances. Any movement of parts of the cell also results from the cytoskeleton including phagocytosis, exocytosis, and endocytosis: contributing to cell division. Intermediate filaments: typically play supporting roles in cells. Ones that occur in the cytoplasm are unique to animal cells. Nuclear intermediate filaments are found in all eukaryotes: there are 60-70 proteins that can be used to make intermediate filaments including keratin, neurofilament proteins and nuclear lamins.

Related Questions

Indicate whether each statement is true or False.

1. The cytoplasm contains all of the material inside of the plasma membrane.

2. The cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm, which contains the cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusions.

3. The cytoskeleton supports the cell and holds the nucleus and other organelles in place.

4. The cytoskeleton consists of 3 groups of Carbohydrates: microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.

5. Cytoplasmic inclusions of the cytoplasm can be aggregates of chemicals either produced or taken in by the cell.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton istrue?
1. Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembranesystem produce the cytoskeleton.
2. Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression,while microtubules resist tension (stretching).
3. Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton wouldcause little effect on the cell's metabolism
4. The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible bythe assembly and disassembly of a large number of complex proteinsinto larger aggregates.
5. Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteinscausing microtubules to move relative to each other.

Without a cytoskeleton eukaryotic cells would not be able to carry out many essential processes including cell division. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Cells that do not divide as they are in G0 phase, no longer need to produce microtubules

b. Microtubules are the smallest type of cytoskeleton element

c. During cell division, the mid-body organizes the microtubules that attach to the chromosomes

d. Transport proteins can move along microtubules to move vesicles around the cell

e. Because the subunits of microtubules already contain GTP, transport proteins do not require ATP to power their movement

BIO 1140 Lecture 7: Lecture 7-8-9 The Cytoskeleton.doc

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