HLTB21H3 Lecture : Chapter 2- Air Pollution.docx

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ivoryclam237

14 Mar 2012

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Chapter 2: urban and tran boundary air pollution week 2- lecture 2 jan 18th 2012. Respiratory diseases due to silica, cotton, tobacco, flour, and other materials. Environmental lung disease derives from the study of exposed workers since the industrial revolution. Recognition of the relationship between nonworkplace (community) air pollution and respiratory disease dates back to the first use of coal as a combustion source in the 14th century. In europe and north america whole communities were engulfed with air pollutants resulting in srs illness and death among people with cardiopulmonary disease. These air pollution emergencies were caused by air stagnation, which resulted in greatly increased concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and suspended particulates. Mortality was due to mostly to bronchitis, pneumonia, and acute exacerbation of underlying cardiac and respiratory disease. Several aspects of the air pollutants crisis are: >since the atmosphere is dynamic and always changing, contaminant are transported (sometimes over thousands of miles), diluted, precipitated, and transformed.

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Can you help me completely rephrase this?

Clean Air Act programs have lowered levels of six common pollutants -- particles, ozone, lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide -- as well as numerous toxic pollutants. The emissions have improved in the quality of the air that we breathe. Between 1990 and 2015, national concentrations of air pollutants improved 85 percent for lead, 84 percent for carbon monoxide, 67 percent for sulfur dioxide (1-hour), 60 percent for nitrogen dioxide (annual), and 3 percent for ozone. Fine particle concentrations (24-hour) improved 37 percent and coarse particle concentrations (24-hour) improved 69 percent between 2000, when trends data begins for fine particles, and 2015. Airborne lead pollution, a widespread health concern before EPA phased out lead in motor vehicle gasoline under Clean Air Act authority, now meets national air quality standards in most areas of the country. Further reductions in power plant pollution have been achieved. Efforts to cut interstate air pollution, achieving additional public health benefits and helping downwind states meet health-based air quality standards for fine particles and ozone. . It avoided premature deaths, heart attacks (acute myocardial infarction), millions of cases of respiratory problems such as acute bronchitis and asthma attacks, and hospital admissions, prevented lost workdays, improving worker productivity which contributes to a stronger economy, kept kids healthy and in school, avoiding lost school days due to respiratory illness and other diseases caused or exacerbated by air pollution. Clean air fosters healthy communities and a stronger economy, it works to protect Americansâ right to breathe by securing the strongest possible health protections and preventing the most dangerous polluters from dodging their legal requirements to clean up our air. Economic welfare and economic growth rates are improved because cleaner air means fewer air-pollution-related illnesses, which in turn means less money spent on medical treatments and lower absenteeism among American workers. The study projects that the beneficial economic effects of these two improvements alone more than offset the economic impacts from expenditures for pollution control.

Please, help me answer the following questions on Chronic Diseases and Risks. No guess work, thank you!

QUESTION 1 Chronic diseases generally have several underlying characteristics, including a. A long latency period between exposure to risk and disease outcomes b. Low degree of preventability c. High curve rate d. None of the above

QUESTION 2 Which of the following risk factors collectively explain a significant proportion (not incidence) of most chronic diseases? a. Tobacco, alcohol, diet

b. Tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity c. Alcohol, physical activity d. Tobacco, diet, physical activity

QUESTION 3 Adherence to treatment is influenced by several interacting dimensions including a. Social and economic factors b. Healthcare system factors c. Condition-related factors

d. Therapy-related factors e. Patient related factors f. All of the above

QUESTION 4 _________ is the leading cause of cancer in both developed and developing countries worldwide a. Radiation exposure b. Tobacco use c. Pesticide exposure d. Air pollution QUESTION 5 This week's YouTube video on treating non-communicable diseases in Rwanda showed how a community health worker helps to treat heart disease, diabetes and _______ a. Cancer b. Asthma c. Hepatitis d. HIV/AIDS

QUESTION 6 Which of these are myths of chronic disease control a. Benefits of chronic disease control accrue not only to the individual but also to the population b. Economic growth improves all health conditions c. Chronic diseases are associated with low SES/poverty d. Chronic disease only occurs in the elderly e. a and c f. b and d

QUESTION 7 ___________ remains the leading cause of death among both men and women in low- and middle-income countries a. Cancer b. Cardiovascular disease c. Diabetes d. Obesity e. Respiratory disease

QUESTION 8 Chronic disease in adults accounts for approximately 60% of all deaths worldwide. True False

QUESTION 9 The WHO's Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework includes a positive policy environment True False

QUESTION 10 It is estimated that the overall number of cancer cases will rise by 50% in the next 20 years. True False

periwinkleskunk371

Hello, I am respectfully requesting help responding to the below discussion. I need to respond by applying the following:

Participate individually with meaningful and original comments in the dialogue of the posted discussion questions.

Ensure your posted content is written in your own words. Repetitive (redundant) answers, copied articles or portions of articles from Web sites, books, magazines and so on will not count towards participation

Cite properly and consistently and include all sources used for your responses

I choose pollution. Pollution comes in many forms whether its air pollution, water pollution, and land/soil pollution. Air pollution is caused by gases and toxins that come from factories. Water pollution is caused by oil spills or trash that people throw into the water, and soil pollution is caused by industrial waste that affects soil from getting its essential nutrients. All kinds of pollution can be harmful to plants, animals, and humans. Air pollution is the main pollutant in everyday life. Things such as cars, planes, power plants, and other human activities produce air pollution. "Pollution disturbs our ecosystem and the balance in the environment. "Water pollution not only harms the aquatic beings but it also contaminates the entire food chain by severely affecting humans dependent on these. Water-borne diseases like cholera, diarrhoea have also increased in all places." A solution for the pollution would be having a big fine for people that pollute, fix the cars, planes, and power plants to where they don't give off carbon dioxide, and find a way to prevent oil spills into the ocean. Some other solutions for each would be:

Air Pollution:

"Seek advice from environmental professionals when locating exhaust outlet"

"Use smokeless fuel, such as gas and electricity"

"No outdoor cooking, e.g. hotpot & BBQ"

Water Pollution:

"Remove the accumulated bottom sludge regularly"

"Engage registered grease trap waste collector for regular cleaning and overhauling of grease trap"

"Keep an updated drainage plan in management office"

"Check the drainage plan before carrying out of drainage works to ensure correct drainage route

Pollution: Causes and Effects. (2016, December 24). Retrieved December 05, 2017, from https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/pollutiontypes.php

15 Current Environmental Problems That Our World is Facing. (2016, December 24). Retrieved December 05, 2017, from https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-current-environmental-problems.php

Pollution Problems & Practical Solutions. (n.d.). Retrieved December 05, 2017, from http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/greenproperty/poll_pro/poll_pro_rec.html

HLTB21H3 Lecture : Chapter 2- Air Pollution.docx

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