BIOB11H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Centromere, Chromosome, Thymidine Triphosphate

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Lecture 2 genome organization and molecular evolution. Complementary base pairing by h-bonding: a-t and c-g. Early history on dna physiochemical: dna is polynucleotide chain, estimates made of genome size, values were tiny yet enormous". Genome = 3. 2 billion base pairs: base pairing rules established by analyzing base composition, dna absorbs light in ultraviolet range, renaturation experiments defined complexity. Chargaff (1950s) base composition differs b/w organisms. A-t = 2 h-bonds and c-g = 3 h-bonds. Ring structures of dna absorb in ultraviolet range. Absorbance can be used to determine dna concentration. Absorbance increases about 1. 5 x if dna is denatured. Satellite dish analogy ssdna: flexible, nitrogenous bases can freely rotate about glycosidic bonds, planar, many are in odd angles, signle stranded. Dna can absorb more light than double stranded due to. Orientation dsdna: more rigid, nitrogenous bases limited in # of position they can occupy. Complexity: measure of # of unique (vs. repetitive) sequences that exist in genome.

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