BIO 1130 Final: Archean Eon lecture notes.doc

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BIO 1130 Full Course Notes

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Bacteria named was based on size, shape and mobility. There are too many bacteria now to be named based on morphological differences. Bacteria are now classified based on genome structure. Bag of cytoplasm surrounded by phospholipid plasma membrane. Cytoplasm includes ribosomes (for protein synthesis) and nucleus. Nucleus is a single, circular dna material with no membrane. Cytoplasm surrounds ribosomes and nuclear material that is contained in a nucleoid made of packed chromosomes (which stabilizes dna strand) Cell wall (peptidoglycan layer and the outer membrane) ensures integrity of the cell due to osmotic issues. Gram stains (positive = stained ; negative = didn"t stain) gram positive bacteria: Cell wall contained by peptidoglycan which is the part that stains (sugar + protein) Long chain of alternating dimer (2 different) sugar molecules with 4 amino acids linked to another 4 amino acids on the adjacent chain forming the matrix of the cell wall.

Related Questions

21) Which of the following is not primarily used for attachment?

A. glycocalyx

B. flagella

C. pili

D. fimbria

E. S layer

30) You have isolated DNA from an E. coli bacteria. The DNA would originate from what structures? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. inner plasma membrane

B. mitochondria

C. microcompartments

D. nucleus

E. plasmids

31) Many cellular reactions require multiple enzymes. For efficiency, bacteria will package these enzymes together within:

A. fimbria

B. inclusion bodies

C. lysosomes

D. microcompartments

E. vesicles

32) Why can archaea be considered a separate domain from bacteria?

(CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Archaea ribosomal structure and protein synthesis are similar to eukaryotes.

B. They exhibit a novel method of DNA compaction.

C. Like eukaryotes, they contain simple, membrane-bound organelles.

D. Their cell walls are composed of different substances than bacterial or eukaryotic cell walls.

E. They contain a circular chromosome.

33) How are eukaryotic flagella different from bacterial flagella?

A. They are much bigger in size.

B. They move in a whip-like fashion, as opposed to a circular fashion.

C. They are covered by the plasma membrane.

D. A & B only

E. all of the above

36) The primary function of of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:

A. aerobic respiration

B. the breakdown of phagocytized material

C. assembly of ribosomal subunits

D. polysaccharide and lipid modification of proteins

E. protein synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted proteins

1. DNA, or the instructions for making proteins, is found within the _____ of the cell; while protein synthesis machinery is found in the _____ of the cell.

nucleus; cytoplasm

nucleolus; nucleus

cytoplasm;nucleus

nucleus; plasma membrane

2.During transcription, double stranded DNA is transcribed into a complementary molecule of

single-stranded DNA.

double-stranded DNA.

single-stranded mRNA.

single-stranded tRNA.

15. Place the following steps in the order in which they occur during gene expression.

mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA

mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA, DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus

DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA, mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA

Negatively charged particles are found where in an atom?

Question 2 options:

In the nucleus

In a single layer outside the nucleus

In multiple layers outside the nucleus

Both inside and outside the nucleus

You have a solution that has a pH of 8 and need it to be pH 5.What do you do?

Question 4 options:

	Add water
	Add a base
	Add an acid
	Add a buffer

What characteristic of carbon makes it a good backbone forcreating diverse and durable molecules?

Question 5 options:

	Carbon is a large atom.
	Carbon forms four covalent bonds.
	Carbon forms hydrogen bonds.
	All of the above

Which of the following structures can be found together ineukaryotic cells?

Question 6 options:

	cytoplasm and ribosomes
	cytoplasm and plasma membrane
	DNA and ribosomes
	ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

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BIO 1130 Final: Archean Eon lecture notes.doc

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