BIO260H1 Final: BIO260 Final Exam Study Sheet.docx
Document Summary
Promiscuous functions allow gene to act in a wider field of functions. De novo creation of new functional gene from previous non functional gene. Global suppressor mutations stabilizes proteins so that they can accumulate new mutations and functions without denaturing. Auxotrophic mutants cannot create their own essential nutrient. The majority of difference between humans and chimps is in insertions/deletions rather than single nucleotide polymorphisms. Assumptions: diploid, sexual reproduction, non-overlapping generations, random mating, equal allele frequencies in sexes, no migration, mutation or selection. Genotypic frequencies in parental generation: mut-mut = r(ressive, mut-wt = h(half, wt wt = d(dominant, r + h + d = 1. Allele frequency in parental generation: wildtype: p, mutation: q, p= (h+2d)/2 = h/2 + d, q= (2r + h)/2 = r + h/2. Genotypic frequencies in offspring generation: r" = q2, d" = p2, h" = 2pq, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (p+q)2 = 1 (p + q + + z)n.
