BIOA02H3 Chapter 44: Chapter 44 Study Guide

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bronzeshark633

27 Feb 2011

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Amygdala is the brain"s center for emotion and memory of fear. When cells in amygdale are activated, heart beats faster, breathing becomes rapid and shallow, hands get cold and clammy. A person with amygdale does not have reflex to pull away from a threat. cannot read nature, mood, or intentions of other by reading their facial expression. Nervous systems are composed of neurons and glia. Neurons are excitable and can generate and send action potential. Extensions of neuron are axons, which conduct action potential over long distance. Nerve is a bundle of axons that come from many neurons. Neurons are organized into 3 categories of cells: input, 2) integration, 3) output. Afferent neurons carry sensory information into nervous system. Sensory information comes from sensory neurons that convert input into action potential. Efferent neurons carry commands to effectors, like muscles and glands. Interneurons integrate information and facilitate communication between sensors and effectors.

Related Questions

Which of the following best describes a process involved in the nervous system receiving internal signals?

Electrical signals are passed from dendrites to axons in sensory neurons through the peripheral nervous system.

Motor neurons carry information from muscle cells to the central nervous system for processing.

Neurotransmitters pass information across synapses between sensory neurons on the way to the central nervous system.

Sensory neurons transmit information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system.

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

azureelk922

Assume ionic concentrations in the nervous system of:

[K]_o = 4 mM

[K]_i= 155 mM

[Na]_o= 145 mM

[Na]_i= 12 mM

4. If the resting membrane of a neuron could only conduct Na, would the resting membrane potential (RMP) be the same as, or different from E_Na? Why? [2]

5. Calculate what the RMP would be for a neuron only permeable to Na. Does this ever occur in the nervous system? Explain your answer.

6. Explain in your own words why the membrane potential of a neuron is a negative value and always lies closer to E_K than to E_Na? [4]

BIOA02H3 Chapter 44: Chapter 44 Study Guide

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

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