BIOA02H3 Chapter 51: Chapter 51 Study Guide

99 views12 pages

bronzeshark633

27 Feb 2011

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

hans15149 and 39222 others unlocked

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

Verified Note

43 documents

Document Summary

Chapter 51 salt and water balance and nitrogen excretion. Blood, sweat, tears taste salty because they have similar ionic concentrations as interstitial fluids. Excretory system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis of interstitial fluid. All animals derive water from metabolism of food. They excrete wastes that are extremely concentrated, urine that is so concentrated that it contains crystals of solute. Animals that live in fresh water must constantly bail themselves out by producing copious amounts of dilute urine while they conserve solute. Vampire bats feed on blood of unsuspecting (usually sleeping) mammal. To maximize volume of blood it can ingest, it eliminates water from its food by producing a lot of very dilute urine. When feeding ends, high rate of water loss must stop. Excretory organs control volume, concentration, and composition of extracellular fluids. Concentration of solutes in extracellular fluid determines water balance of its cells. Movement of water across cell plasma membranes depends on differences in solute concentration.

Related Questions

Salmon eggs hatch in fresh water. The fish then migrate to the ocean (a hypertonic solution) and, after several years of feeding and growing, return to fresh water to breed. How can these organisms make the transition from fresh water to ocean water and back to fresh water?

		Salmon in fresh water excrete concentrated urine, and salmon in salt water secrete dilute urine.
		The rectal gland functions in the ocean water, and chloride cells function in fresh water.
		The salt transport mechanisms of the gill epithelia change during migration.
		Their metabolism changes in salt water to degrade electrolytes.

Which of the following blood components would interfere withfunctioning of an open circulatory system but NOT a closedone?

A toxin that specifically blocks active transport in the loopof henle might result in :

A) A decrease in the filtrate concentration ability of thekidney.

B) An increase in the amount of interstitial urea to maintaininterstitial osmolarity.

C) A decrease in the volume of hypertonic urine produced bythe kidney

D) A decrease in the interstitial concentration of NaCl

E) All of the above are possibilities.

orangegerbil545

Part B - Urine concentration in the kidney

The figure shows how urine concentration occurs in the nephron,the functional unit of the vertebrate kidney.

Active Transport, Passive Transport, Filtrate, Urea, NaCl,Osmosis, Medulla

1. The kidney's ability to cocentrate urine depends on themaintenance of an osmolarity gradient between interstitial of twostructures: the cortex and

2. This osmolarity gradient is maintained by both the passivetransport and the active transport of

3. The osmolarity gradient is also maintained by the passivetransport of

4. Water responds to the osmolarity gradient bymoving from anarea of a lower solute concentration to an area of a higher soluteconcentartion-this process is called

5. Osmosis does not require enery. For this reason, osmosis is aform of

6. The loss of water fromthe result in urine that is highly concentrated.

indigoeagle915

BIOA02H3 Chapter 51: Chapter 51 Study Guide

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Osmotic Concentration, Osmotic Pressure, Osmoregulation

BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Osmotic Pressure, Osmosis, Body Fluid

BIOA02H3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cotransporter, Paracellular Transport, Trimethylamine N-Oxide

Related Questions