PHGY 209 Lecture Notes - Bovine Serum Albumin, Cd28, Lymphadenopathy

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ceruleanprairie-dog589

6 Apr 2012

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Document Summary

The immune system is an immense system which can be found everywhere in the body. It is through this system that the body is able to fight infection. The immune system must be everywhere, because you can get infected anywhere. The primary organs of the immune system are, in the embryonic stage, the yolk can and liver, but then change to the bone marrow and thymus in adulthood. The secondary organs are found in adults and comprise the lymph nodes all over the body, the spleen and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (malt) which are present, for example, under the bronchial tree or under the gut. In some instances, the immune system can malfunction which can cause many different diseases and conditions. Scid, or severe combined immune deficiency is essentially a shutdown of the whole immune system forcing the individual to live in a sterile plastic bubble for their whole life.

Related Questions

Consider two conducting spheres with radii and separated by a distance much greater than either radius. A total charge Q is shared between the spheres. We wish to show that when the electric potential energy of the system has a minimum value, the potential difference between the spheres is zero. The total charge Q is equal to , where represents the charge on the first sphere and the charge on the second. Because the spheres are very far apart, you can assume the charge of each is uniformly distributed over its surface.

(a) Show that the energy associated with a single conducting sphere of radius R and charge q surrounded by a vacuum is .

(b) Find the total energy of the system of two spheres in terms of , total charge Q and the radii and .

(c) To minimize the energy, differentiate the result to part (b) with respect to and set the derivative equal to zero. Solve for in terms of Q and the radii.