Biology 1202B Study Guide - Final Guide: Endometrium, Myelin, Gastrulation

124 views12 pages

cyangoose835

13 Apr 2012

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Disease has plagued all organisms for billions of years. The word vaccination" comes from vacca" (cow), used cowpox to defend against smallpox. What causes disease: pathogens, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasites, protein. The immune system: made up of innate and adaptive immunity. 3 lines of defence against invasion: physical barrier: prevent entry of pathogen. Mucus membranes have environments that are hostile to pathogens (stomach, reproductive tract, epithelium tissues) Most organisms recognize unique pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) found on microbial organisms, using host molecules called pattern recognition receptors (prrs) once specific prrs are activated by pamp, various components of innate or acquired immune responses are activated. Innate immunity: immediate, nonspecific response targets invading pathogens and has no memory of prior exposure to that specific pathogen invertebrates only have innate. Inflammation: creates an internal condition that inhibits or kills many pathogens: specialized cells: engulf or kill pathogens or infected body cells (macrophages, neutrophils, complement proteins)

Related Questions

There are basically three different types of pathogen invasion âstrategiesâ â extracellular, intracellular in non-phagocytes like epithelial cells, and intracellular in circulating phagocytes like Macrophages. That is, some bacteria try to remain outside of the host cells, while other bacteria and viruses get inside different types of host cells and survive there.

A. For EXTRACELLULAR pathogens, describe advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. How does our immune system detect and eliminate such pathogens? Explain two virulence factors that this sort of pathogen can use to survive in its chosen environment.

B. For pathogens that are INTRACELLULAR IN MACROPHAGES, explain how they gain access to macrophages. Describe advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. How does our immune system detect and eliminate such pathogens? Explain two virulence factors that this sort of pathogen can use to survive in its chosen environment.

C. For pathogens that are INTRACELLULAR IN EPITHELIAL CELLS, explain how they enter the epithelial cells. Describe advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. How does our immune system detect and eliminate such pathogens? Explain two virulence factors that this sort of pathogen can use to survive in its chosen environment.

purplelion816

Immunityâs Early-Warning System. Scientific American, January 2005.

How does the innate immune system recognize pathogens?

After recognizing pathogens, what is the response of the innate immune system? (ie. What action does it take?)

How does the innate immune response promote and adaptive immune response?

How can an immune response contribute to disease?

How can exposure to LPS lead to septic shock? What is a situation in which one would be exposed to LPS?

In what organism were Toll proteins first discovered?

What happens when a bacteria binds a TLR, for example LPS binding to TLR-4? How is the signal transmitted from the receptor to the cell, and in general what does it tell the cell to do?

Which TLR is a current target for improving the effectiveness of vaccines, ie. To act as an adjuvant?

jadearmadillo971

1-What is the germ theory of disease?

2-What are Kochâs postulates?

3-What are the three major barriers to pathogens?

4-What are the 3 major parts of innate immunity and how does each work?

5-What are the two major parts of adaptive immunity and how does each work?

indigoreindeer636

Biology 1202B Study Guide - Final Guide: Endometrium, Myelin, Gastrulation

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

Biology 1202B Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Lymph Node, Paracrine Signalling, Passive Immunity

Biology 1202B Chapter Notes - Chapter 51: Basophil, Immunoglobulin Light Chain, Mast Cell

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Pattern Recognition Receptor, Edward Jenner, Innate Immune System

Related Questions