BIO120H1 Lecture 4: Lecture 4 Reading.docx

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18 Apr 2012
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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes
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Eucaryotic dna is packaged into a set of chromosomes. Human genome, 3. 2x109 nucleotides is distributed into 24 different chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of a single long linear dna molecule associated with protein that folds it. Cells are homologous as they contain two copies of each chromosome. The protein and the dna collectively is called the chromatin. Xx in females and xy in males. Human karyotype is the 46 human chromosomes being displayed at mitosis. Bacterial chromosome different in structure than that of the eukaryote chromosomes. Very little is known on packaging as well. Genes on chromosomes make specific proteins and some genes make rna as the final product. However humans have less genes then some bacteria so it shows that having less dna is no handicap. The nucleotide sequence of the human genome shows how are genes are arranged. Human genome project showed that little of genome codes for protein.

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