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BIO120H1 Lecture 11: lecture 11.docx

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azureotter600
18 Apr 2012
School
UTSG
Department
Biology
Course
BIO120H1
Professor
James Thomson

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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes
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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

2 more sessions in how to do well in bio 120. Wed 5:00 es1050 species interactions in subalpine meadows. Look at biology for reasoning: half plant under ground, in winter all of it underground. In winter, the nutrient from above withers down back into bulb or corm. If thy have enough nutritiona dn pollinations, they can get big seeds. Each packet of seeds at different hights were colored differently. Has noting to do with nutrition or how well it can grow. This structure is nutritious and is very attractive to ants. When an ant finds a seed with an eliasome, they take them back to nest, eliasome is eaton and seed is considered trash. Thin layer in rocks exposes seeds to more drying out. 4 treatment combination factorial design: buried, rich organic soil", exposed organic, buried gravol, exposed gravol buried organic and exposed organic did well longlived ieroparous grows as a vegetative plant for years before flowering.

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Related Questions

Nutrient supply is an important factor influencing primary productivity. A class of Biology 306 students was shown a dataset in which the addition of fertilizer significantly increased productivity in a forest, then was asked a discussion question to assess their expectations of what the results would look like to a person who observed the system before and after fertilizing. Which of the following suggestions seem plausible to you? Select all that apply.

a) because forests are generally bottom-up-regulated, the addition of nutrients would necessarily increase the growth of all plant species in the forest by about the same amount.

b) because forest plants differ in both their nutrient requirements and their tolerance for low supplies, some species would grow much better while others might grow a bit better, or show no difference in growth.

c) some species may have been present only as seeds before nutrient addition (i.e. their seeds disperse in very easily but cannot grow due to competition from established plants for nutrients); these species will grow explosively and become dominant after addition.

d) only the most competitive-dominant species present before addition will be able to take advantage of the extra nutrients.

e) because forest plant species differ in life-history strategies, those more able to increase abundance (i.e. with higher rmax values) should be the ones most likely to outgrow neighbours.

1. A plant the lacks petals and has well-developed anthers ismost likely

pollinated by fruit-eatingmammals.
pollinated by bees.
pollinated by birds.

pollinated by wind.

2. SELECT EACH TYPE of tissue that may be found in a maturefruit or seed. Can be more than one

Diploid sporophyte tissue from theprevious generation
Triploid endosperm
Diploid embryonic tissue
Haploid sperm cells

Tissue from the female gametophyte

3. Based on the outcome for plants, a monkey eating a banana isa

parasite.
pollinator.
disperser.

fertilizer.

4. Select all of the environmentswhere seeds would be an advantage over spores. Can be more thanone

Deserts
Areas with unpredictablerainfall
Wet humid swamps
Open habitats with sparsevegetation

Under a dense forest canopy

5. Select all the advantages that seeds have over spores.

Seeds have increased droughtresistance.
Long term dormancy ispossible.
Sexual reproduction is onlypossible with seeds.
Nutrition is packaged with theembryo.

Widespread dispersal is possible with a seed coat.

6. Nectar is a sugar-laden liquid that is very energeticallyexpensive to produce. Why do plants allocate resources to produceit instead of just producing more flowers?

Nectar serves as an enticement forinsects.
Nectar is sticky and traps windborne pollen.
Nectar provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.

Nectar provides energy during pollen tube formation.

7.The dried pericarp that forms the peanut shell provideevidence that peanuts are

legumes.
drupes.
samaras.

pomes.


8. All members of the Anthophyta have

nectaries.
animal pollinators.
scented flowers.
ovules enclosed in carpels.

fleshy fruits for dispersal.

9. Why is external water not essential for fertilization in seedplants?

Ovules are contained within thepollen.
Sperm cells are used to transportpollen to the archegonia.
Seed plants use pollen instead ofsperm for fertilization.
The sperm cells in seed plants arecapable of resisting desiccation.

Pollen grains are transported by wind or an animal.

10.Select the true statements concerning seeds. Can be more thanone

Seeds allow for dormancy untilfavorable conditions arise.
The fruit provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.
The ovule dries and forms the seedcoat.
The seed stores all of thenutrition and water the embryo needs to germinate.
Seeds can resist conditions thatwould kill a live plant.

Seeds are key to wide dispersal of offspring.

11. Select the true statements concerning sperm and pollen. Canbe more than one.

In seed plants the entire malegametophyte is dispersed.
The pollen fertilizes the egg.
The pollen tube facilitates thepollination of the ovule.
Pollen transports the cells thatform the sperm but only the sperm fertilizes the egg.

Unlike mosses and ferns water is not needed for fertilization inseed plants.

12.Check which of the following are correct regarding thebenefit of seeds. Can be more than one.

Seeds protect the young embryo byenclosing it in several layers of gametophyte tissue.
Seeds provide a source ofnourishment to the embryonic plant.
The integument forms a seed coatthat protects against desiccation.
Seeds provide a structure in whicha dormant embryo can avoid unfavorable growing conditions andgerminate when conditions improve.

Seeds are a means to transport offspring away from the parentalplant.

13. A fruit-bearing dioecious flower would have

a gynoecium.
neither an androecium nor agynoecium.
an androecium.

both an androecium and a gynoecium.

14. A researcher brings a sample of dry soil to the lab, wetsit, provides ample amounts of fertilizer, and places the soil in acontainer in a greenhouse. Which type of plant would be leastlikely to emerge?

Corn
Sunflower
Liverwort
Wheat
Pine seedling

2. What would you expect if the ability to produce capsaicin isgenetic? Choose all that apply.
a. Some offspring of plants that produce capsaicin will alsoproduce capsaicin.
b. It is not possible to predict if offspring of plants thatproduce capsaicin will also produce capsaicin. c. Plants will onlycontain capsaicin if it is present in the soil and can be absorbedby the roots.

3. In biology, what is an adaptation?
a. A trait with a genetic basis that increases the fitness of anindividual with the trait in a particular

environment, compared to individuals lacking the trait.
b. A characteristic of an organism that can change in response tothe environment.
c. Any characteristic of an organism that increases the fitness ofan individual in a particular environment,

compared to individuals lacking the trait.

4. Consumption of chili fruits by rodents would ...
a. Decrease the fitness of chili plants since gnawing damages theseeds.
b. Have no effect on the fitness of chili plants since the plantproduces lots of seeds and fruits. c. Increases the fitness ofchili plants since seeds are dispersed to new locations.

“Las alas del Diablo” by Brett C. Couch

Page 5

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

  1. How might dispersal of chili seeds by birds benefit a chiliplant? Choose all that apply.
    a. Seeds are transported to new locations so the offspring are notgrowing close to the parent and competing

    with it for light, water, space or minerals from soil.
    b. Some seeds may be moved to locations with appropriate conditionsfor growth of seedlings.
    c. Some seeds may be moved to locations that lack appropriateconditions for plant growth.
    d. Seeds are widely dispersed so the offspring don’t compete witheach other for light, water, space or minerals

    from soil.
    e. Seeds are damaged when the birds eat the fruits and fail togerminate.

  2. Consumption of chili fruits by birds could ...
    a. Increase the fitness of thrashers by providing nutrition, whichcan contribute to the increased production of

    offspring.
    b. Have no effect on the fitness of thrashers since thrashers don’tdigest the seeds and the nutrition in the seeds

    would not contribute to increased production of offspring.
    c. Reduce the fitness of thrashers since thrashers don’t digest theseeds and the loss of nutrition in the seeds

    would reduce the production of offspring.

  3. What is an experimental control?
    a. An experimental group or treatment that serves as a reference towhich a treatment group or treatment(s)

    can be compared.
    b. A group that is not used in an experiment.
    c. An experimental group or treatment that represents naturalconditions. d. An experimental group or treatment that lacks thefactor of interest.

  4. Does capsaicin production have a genetic basis?
    a. Yes, capsaicin production is controlled by the Hot2 gene.
    b. Yes, capsaicin production is controlled by the Pun1 gene.
    c. No, if capsaicin is present in the soil it is taken up by theplant and concentrated in the fruit. d. No, capsaicin is made bythe plant not a gene.

  5. What is (are) the control(s) in the food choice experimentperformed by Tewksbury and Nabhan? a. Hackberry

    b. Mild chilies
    c. Hot chilies
    d. Hackberry and mild chilies e. Mild chilies and hot chilies

  6. Why is hackberry used as a control?
    a. Hackberries are a control for fruit characteristics other thancapsaicin (e.g., color, other chemicals). b. Hackberries are acontrol for hunger or willingness to eat.
    c. Hackberries are part of the natural habitat of cactusmice.
    d. a and b.
    e. a, b and c.

  7. What criteria must be met for a trait to be considered anadaptation?
    a. Individuals with the trait generally have more offspring thanindividuals without the trait. b. The trait changes due to theenvironment (e.g., animals growing a thick coat in winter). c. Thetrait can be passed on to an organism’s offspring.
    d. a and c.
    e. a, b and c.