BIOL 1080 Study Guide - Final Guide: Spindle Apparatus, Nuclear Pore, Histone H1

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Each subunit is a nucleotide comprised of : a phosphate group; a five carbon sugar; one of four cyclic nitrogenous bases; Pyrimidine nucleotides 1) deoxythymidine monophosphate, dmtp 2) deoxycyidine monophosphate, dcmp. Purine nucleotides 3) deoxyadenosine monophosphate, damp 4) deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dgmp. Strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between bases on opposing strands and by hydrophobic interactions between adjacent stacked bases. Strands are polar; 5" end has a free phosphate group; 3" end has a free hydroxyl group; Two grooves of different width: major (bigger) minor (smaller) Supercoiled > relaxed covalently closed dna; relaxed, nicked circular dna; negatively supercoiled, covalently closed dna (chromosome) Prokaryotic chromosome highly compact supercoiled flower". Bacterial, eukaryotic similar dna found in mitochondria & chloroplasts exist in circular chromosomes (resemble prokaryotic) Eukaryotic chromosome comprised of proteins, dna, rna. Levels of condensation: packaging dna as a negative supercoil into nucleosomes (linker dna wrapped around nucleosome core linker region is susceptible to digestion by enzyme endonuclease)

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