HIST 215 Lecture : The Triumph of the Nation State
22 Apr 2012
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Hist215 the triumph of the nation state: germany and italy. The rise of louis bonaparte, napoleon"s nephew. December 1848: elected president for 4 years. 1851: after assembly refuses to allow him second term, he becomes president for 10 years in coup d" tat (referendum approves his presidency by 92%) 1852: napoleon iii crowned emperor of the french second empire to last until 1870 (karl marx, the eighteenth brumaire of louis bonaparte, 1852) Adventurer in foreign policy (risk-taker), instrumental in france"s industrialization (railway building, investment banks, modernization of paris under hausmann) Defeat in crimean war (1853-56) against great britain, france, ottoman empire and sardinia-piedmont. This defeat leads to the reforms of 1860s: emancipation of serfs and judicial reform but no constitution or elected assembly. Alexander ii (1855-1881) reluctant reformer , did not take the throne with the intention to make many changes. Pattern established military defeat followed by some sort of reform.
