HLTC22H3 Chapter 9: Chapter 9.docx

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22 Apr 2012

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Hippocrates developed a system of medicine based on the belief that substances called humors influenced both personality and health. Galen said the 4 primary humors were blood, melancholy (black bile), choler (yellow bile), and phlegm. People with excess of bile were said to be prone to depression and degenerative disease, whereas those with too much choler were angry and bitter. Blood lead to rudness and phlegm caused apathy. Freud created the first scientific theory of mind (psychological phenomenon traced to neurophysiologica. Bidirectional = reciprocal relationship transactional = continuous process of change among multiple variables (ex: downward spirals) Personality processes include traits such as= affective states, psychological symptoms, beliefs/attitudes. Relationship has emerged between personality processes and diseases. Hostility as a risk factor for chd are comparable to those of more traditional risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking. A behaviour pattern (tabp): aroused hostility, time urgency, achievement motivation, explosive speech patterns.

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Research the topic of how marketers use personality tests to understand consumer behaviour. The use of information on psychological traits and demographics can be significantly valuable information to the marketer. Include a discussion of at least one personality test that marketers use and how it relates to identifying consumer behaviour patterns.

1. Describe why identifying consumer behaviour patterns are so important and impactful to the marketer.
2. Identify and explain a personality test that is used by marketers, including the basic premise of how it works. From a marketing standpoint, how might this tool be used concerning more effectively reaching the company

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1.Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

Because it has a biological basis in infant temperament, personality remains fairly stable throughout the life span.

Personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms, so it is difficult to predict accurately.

People make many characteristic adaptations throughout life, which can cause substantial changes in personality over time.

Personality tends to be stable in adulthood but can be predicted only from about age 15 or older.

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it:

reliably assesses id/ego/superego conflicts and specific psychological disorders related to these conflicts

does an excellent job of identifying specific psychological disorders

identifies many normal, healthy adults and children as psychologically disturbed

is the most reliable of the many projective tests in use

Research has shown that, in predicting the behavior of people we know, we:

are unable to perform above chance levels in our predictions

are less accurate in predicting their observable behavior than in predicting our own observable behavior

tend to predict that their behavior will be more negative than it actually is

are more accurate in predicting their observable behavior than in predicting our own observable behavior

Derrick feels that he deserves more than other people, and he often tries to manipulate people to get what he wants. Whenever someone challenges him, he gets very angry. Derrick likely:

has exceptionally high-esteem

has a collectivist perspective

has low self-esteem

is suffering from terror-management syndrome

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Psychology of adulthood and aging;

Here is a question related to adulthood/aging that you think science canât answer:

Does age determine adulthood?

Then you will try to demonstrate how science could answer a related question. (Change the question to): When should a person be considered an adult?

Objectives:

Students should be able to speculate as to why two variables might be correlated, identify what a correlation between variables is not telling us, and anticipate what kind of research studies could further clarify a correlation between variables.

Students should be able to define operationalization, hypothesis, and be able to describe the scientific method by which psychologists study adulthood and aging.

a-First psychological variable

b-Give it a label

c-Briefly describe this variable.

Describe how this variable can be operationalized (that is, describe exactly how you determine which category or which value of the variable applies to a particular person or situation).

Second variable that you believe is related to your first variable.

a-Give it a label.

b-Briefly describe this variable.

c-Describe how this variable can be operationalized.

Once the variables are defined, the next step is to predict the relationship between these two variables by writing a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. For now, assume that there is a causal relationship between the two variables even if it would be impossible or unethical to test a causal hypothesis. This means that changing a personâs score on one of the variables (the independent variable) would cause the personâs score on the other variable (the dependent variable) to change. For example, you might say, âIncreasing the amount of violent television that a person watches will cause that person to exhibit more aggressive behaviors.â

HLTC22H3 Chapter 9: Chapter 9.docx

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