Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Holocene Extinction, Evolutionary Ecology, Adaptive Radiation

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ochrebee715

30 Apr 2012

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Evolution ecology: ecology: interactions between organisms and their environment. Biotic component: organisms interacting with other living things. Abiotic component: everything else an organism interacts with: ecological interactions affect evolutionary processes such as the rates of speciation and extinction and patterns of selection and evolution (micro evolutionary processes) Mass extinctions: the big 5: usually there is more speciation going on instead of extinction, there have been 5 periods in which the number of species on earth have decreased drastically. Things with shorter generation time, usually have an evolutionary advantage because they can evolve adaptations more quickly. Differences in population size can also be important, because selection tends to be a more powerful process when population sizes are large. Life-dinner principle: all other things being equal we should see better adaptations in prey species (to avoid being eaten) than in counter adaptations in the predators.

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u have to creating 2 multiple choice questions, (based on those information). You create 2 multiple choice questions , with a brief description at least 5-9 sentences for each question on why you think they are a corect answer and why you think it is good questions.

-Microevolution: evolution occurring within populations â
Adaptive and neutral changes in allele frequencies.
-Macroevolution: evolution above the species level â
Origination, diversification, and extinction.

-The Motors of Macroevolution: Speciation and Extinction

Speciation and extinction rates produce changing levels of diversity.

Interplay between speciation and extinction determines diversity

D1 (diversity) + originations â extinctions = D2 (new diversity)

1) Explain how biological diversity contributes to speciation.Include in your answer; reasoning for conservation ofbiodiversity.
2)Why is variation within a species necessary for evolution tooccur? Use an example to support your answer?

True or False. Please explain briefly why, you choose true orfalse?
1) When evolution occurs we would expect different regions withsimilar enviornments to all contain the same mix of plants andanimals.
2) Artificial selection is not an evolutionary mechanism.
3) The effects of mutations on the evolutionary success oforganisms are always unfavorable.
4) in divergent evolution, two or more species grow closer togetherin behaviorand other traits.
5) The theory of punctuated equilibrium is accepeted as the correctexplanation for the pace of evolutionary change.

olivearmadillo201

Suppose the phylogenetic species concept were adopted in place of the biological species concept. What would be the implications for (a) evolutionary discourse on the mechanisms of speciation; (b) studies of species diversity in ecological communities; (c) estimates of species diversity on a worldwide basis; (d) conservation practices under such legal frameworks as the U.S. Endangered Species Act?

pinkshark188

Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Holocene Extinction, Evolutionary Ecology, Adaptive Radiation

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