CHEM 110 Lecture Notes - Electronegativity

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Transition metals are their ionic form and in a variety of oxidation states. Electrons are lost from the 4s orbital before the 3d orbitals. Remember electronegativity: increase from left to right and from bottom to top; power of an atom to hold on to its atoms tightly (how effectively) Low electronegativity will mean lose electrons readily. Maximum possible oxidation state results from losing all 4s and 3d electrons. Oxidation state increases from sc to mn: 3+ to 7+ Oxidation state decrease from mn to zn: mn7+ and ni2+ and cu2_ 2+ oxidation state becomes more stable as we go from left to right in the first series of transition metals. It is too difficult to remove d electrons as they become lower in energy as the nuclear charge increases.

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im debating between C and D. Only reply if you can back up uranswer

Which statement best describes the primary limitation of oxidationstate (or oxidation number)?

a)In molecules, electrons are not just in atomic orbitals. They arealso in molecular orbitals. Therefore, oxidation states (ornumbers) do not necessarily represent the electron reality for eachatom.

b)Oxidation numbers attempt to account for where electrons are in amolecule.
c)Oxidation states attempt to assign electrons to atoms in amolecule.
d)Oxidation states (or numbers) are affected by electronegativitydifferences between atoms.

2. Transition metals exist in a variety of oxidation states. Molybdenum, for example, exists in zero valent state in Mo(CO)₆ , but in the 6+ state in the ion molybdate, MoO₄^2â. The +6 oxidation state is the highest known for molybdenum.

a) Using Aufbau Principle, write out the electronic configurations of molybdenum in Mo(CO)₆ and in MoO₄^2â.

b) Based on the electronic structure of molybdenum in each species, what determines the highest oxidation state of the metal.

c) Based on your answer to part b, what would you expect to be the highest oxidation state of Tc. Explain your reasoning.

Which statement about oxidation states (or numbers) is notcorrect?

a)Oxidation state is used in order to attempt to assess where theelectrons are in a molecule and assign them to individualatoms.

b)When assigning oxidation numbers, you disregard the concept ofsharing of covalent electrons. Instead, electrons are basicallyassigned to either one atom or another.

c)Because the electronegativity difference can be small,electronegativity is not an important consideration whendetermining oxidation states.

d)Oxidation number, more than anything, gives you an insight intowhere the electron rich, electron deficient, and electron neutralatomic sites are within a molecule.

If you're going to answer please don't give an opinion, if you kowthe answer for a fact please back your answer up. Thank you

CHEM 110 Lecture Notes - Electronegativity

CHEM 110 Full Course Notes

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