🏷️ LIMITED TIME OFFER: GET 20% OFF GRADE+ YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION →
Log in
HomeClass Notes1,200,000CA670,000

MIMM 387 Lecture : feb 10 2012.docx

39 views4 pages
School
McGill University
Department
Microbiology and Immun (Sci)
Course
MIMM 387
Professor
Robert Murgita

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Not something that he normally adds into teaching lectures. Having these connections does not have to be a conflict of interest. The problem starts when you start hiding this information. In the early 80s, we seemed to have a cancer that we knew the cause of (herpes). Hpv dna was present in cervical tumors; so there was confusion whether it was herpes or. This was the time that different techniques were becoming available. So they didn"t know which was the culprit, or if hpv was doing something in addition to herpes. Over time the proportion of hpv dna in cancers increased until 1990, when it was 99. 7%. Today, we know the facts and can move on with further measures (white box). Most important is that we need political courage, because of the upcoming arguments. For the sake of analogy later: keep in mind that you could get lung cancer from things other than smoking.

Get access

Grade+20% off
$8 USD/m$10 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
40 Verified Answers
Class+
$8 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Class+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
30 Verified Answers

Related Documents

PSYC 4320 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cervical Screening, Pap Test, Colposcopy
periwinklefrog304
BIOL 2160 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Endometrium, Microfilament, Cytostasis
apricotshark916
BPK 140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Angiogenesis Inhibitor, Prostate Cancer, Human Papillomavirus Infection
azuremoose90

Related Questions

While HPV is certainly not the only STD circulating in the United States, it is the most common. A short time ago a vaccine was released to help combat the effects of HPV. Write a statement on the characteristics of HPV, how it is spread, and the effects of HPV on the body. Then, write some additional information in a persuasive passage advising a young male AND a young female on whether or not they should receive the vaccine to prevent HPV infection. Think about and include persuasion that might be different between the male and the female you are advising. Here are a few articles to get you started but you certainly are encouraged to do additional research. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141112083843.htm -- Spreading of cancer causing HPV http://acsh.org/2014/11/hpv-vaccination-rates-increase-cervical-cancer-rates-decrease-study-finds/ HPV Vaccines and Cervical Cancer Rates http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm HPV Information from CDC.

Please type the answer

QUESTION 1

  1. The first person to describe a carcinogen was:

    a.

    Rudolf Virchow
    b.

    Cladius Regaud
    c.

    Percivall Pott
    d.

    George Papanicolau
    e.

    Sidney Farber

QUESTION 2

  1. Who introduced the test for early detection of cervical cancerin 1942?

    a.

    Rudolf Virchow
    b.

    Cladius Regaud
    c.

    Percivall Pott
    d.

    George Papanicolau
    e.

    Sidney Farber

QUESTION 3

  1. All of the following are TRUE about risk factors for cancerEXCEPT:

    a.

    They cause DNA mutation
    b.

    Some can be avoided
    c.

    Some can be inherited
    d.

    They guide patient management
    e.

    They increase the probability of getting cancer

QUESTION 4

  1. All of the following are proven carcinogens EXCEPT:

    a.

    Tobacco
    b.

    Formaldehyde
    c.

    Soot
    d.

    Saccharin
    e.

    Human papilloma virus

QUESTION 5

  1. Which of the following is true about somatic mutations:

    a.

    They are present in an egg or sperm
    b.

    They can be inherited
    c.

    They can be present in all cells in the individual
    d.

    They can cause cancer family syndrome
    e.

    They cannot be inherited

QUESTION 6

  1. All of the following can be used as a guideline for causalinference of a carcinogen EXCEPT:

    a.

    Strength of association of the exposure with occurrence ofcancer
    b.

    Single correlation study showing exposure with the incidence ofcancer
    c.

    Dose response relation of the exposure and risk of cancer
    d.

    Disease or risk reduction with removal of exposure
    e.

    Biological plausibility of the exposure with the disease

QUESTION 7

  1. All of the following cancers have an infectious causeEXCEPT:

    a.

    Cervical Cancer
    b.

    Stomach Cancer
    c.

    Breast Cancer
    d.

    Liver Cancer
    e.

    Hodgkin lymphoma

QUESTION 8

  1. Medical treatments that cause cancer include all of thefollowing EXCEPT:

    a.

    MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma
    b.

    Radiation therapy for sarcoma
    c.

    Tamoxifen for chemotherapy
    d.

    Smallpox vaccination
    e.

    Cyclosporine for immunosuppression

QUESTION 9

  1. All of the following are risk factors for breast cancerEXCEPT:

    a.

    Having breast implants
    b.

    Having prior ovarian cancer
    c.

    Having a mother with breast cancer
    d.

    Age
    e.

    Obesity

QUESTION 10

  1. The likelihood of getting cancer from exposure to a carcinogenis related to all of the following EXCEPT:

    a.

    The duration of exposure
    b.

    The geographic location of the exposure
    c.

    The degree of exposure
    d.

    The genetic susceptibility of the exposed person
    e.

    The mode of exposure (e.g., touching it, breathing it,swallowing it, etc).

This includes showing all calculations and explaining why you selected a specific answer for each multiple choice question (i.e. don’t just circle the correct answer). I am looking to see how you got the answer, not just that you have the correct answer.

Below is data from the United States Cancer Statistics about the number of news cases of lung cancer in males in the U.S. for 2011 for ages 30 and older.

Table 1: U.S. Population Size and Incidence Cases of Lung Cancer in Males for 2011

Age (Years)

U.S. Male

Population

White Population

White Incidence Cases

Black Population

Black Incidence Cases

30-34

10,181,564

7,950,924

88

1,383,650

22

35-39

9,666,162

7,557,263

212

1,271,897

23

40-44

10,363,126

8,259,215

643

1,324,847

132

45-49

10,856,131

8,766,225

2,032

1,373,346

444

50-54

10,976,172

9,004,383

5,128

1,329,551

1,148

55-59

9,733,849

8,101,629

8,607

1,091,030

1,687

60-64

8,466,308

7,183,960

12,340

845,362

2,067

65-69

6,014,777

5,178,255

15,792

539,796

2,077

70-74

4,360,942

3,769,569

16,011

376,129

1,864

75-79

3,204,196

2,807,216

14,319

255,221

1,426

80-84

2,319,839

2,078,071

11,284

154,155

883

85+

1,873,942

1,688,433

7,616

117,267

545

Total

88,017,008

72,345,143

94,072

10,062,251

12,318

3. What is the age-specific incidence rate for lung cancer in white men age 75-79 for 2011?(1 pt)

0.005 per 1000

1.3 per 1000

1.2 per 1000

5.1 per 1000

5.6 per 1000

F. Cannot be calculated from the given information

4. What is the age-specific incidence rate for lung cancer in black men age 75-79 for 2011? (1 pt)

0.005 per 1000

1.3 per 1000

1.2 per 1000

5.1 per 1000

5.6 per 1000

F. Cannot be calculated from the given information

Questions 5 through 7 are based on the information below:

Using the information in Table 1, researchers calculated the crude incidence rates and age-adjusted incidence rates (via the direct method) for both groups.

Table 2: Crude incidence rates and age-adjusted incidence rates for white and black males

White Males

Black Males

Crude Incidence Rate

Age-adjusted Incidence Rate

Crude Incidence Rate

Age-adjusted Incidence Rate

1.3 per 1000

1.2 per 1000

1.2 per 1000

1.5 per 1000

5. True or False, there is likely a difference in the age composition between the white and black males. Explain your answer

6. Based on the information in Table 2, it was reported that there was an increased risk of lung cancer in black males in 2011. (1 pt)

The conclusion is:

Correct, the age-adjusted rate is higher in black males compared to white males

Correct, because both the crude and age-adjusted rates are higher in black males compared to white males

Incorrect, because the incidence rate for white males is actually higher than the incidence rate for black males

7. What type of age-adjusted rate was calculated in table 2? How does it differ from the age-adjusted rate in question 5 in the in-class exercise for age-adjustments? Hint: See slide title: Adjustments for Other Measures of Disease Frequency in the lecture title Adjusted Rates (1 pt)

Question 8 is based on the information given below:

Cause-specific mortality rates for men in 2010 in the U.S. from various types of cancers are shown in the table below:

Cause-Specific Mortality Rates

(per 100,000 Men)

Location of the Cancer

in the Body White Asian

Pancreas 13.2 5.7

Prostate 19.1 2.5

Lung 62.3 18.5

Skin 4.9 0.3

8. The inference that White men in the U.S. are at higher risk of death due to cancer of the pancreas, prostate, lung, and skin compared to Asian men in the U.S. is

A. correct

B. incorrect because of failure to determine cause-specific mortality rates

incorrect because proportionate mortality alone does not give an estimate of risk

D. incorrect because of failure to adjust for differences in the age composition of the two populations

E. incorrect because counts were used when cause-specific mortality rates were needed

9. In January 1996, a team of epidemiologists identified a sample of 4,500 men, 65-74 years of age, for a study of prostate cancer. Tests indicated that 315 of the men already had prostate cancer and, therefore, were not at risk. The rest of the men were followed prospectively for five years to determine the incidence rate of prostate cancer in the sample. By the end of the five years of follow-up 156 of the men had developed prostate cancer. What is the incidence rate of prostate cancer in this group?

10. An epidemiologic investigation that started on January 1, 2011, identified a population of 1,000 individuals. At the start of the study 4 were found to have the disease. During the year of study, 6 new cases were found; thus a total of 10 cases were identified. Among those 10 cases, 6 deaths occurred during the year. What was the prevalence of the disease during the 1-year study?