BIOL 202 Lecture Notes - Exon, Gc-Content, Intellectual Disability

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ceruleanprairie-dog589

21 May 2012

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Targeting diseases based on dna is like finding a needle in a haystack or a nucleotide in an entire genome. The hb mutation is the cause of a single nucleotide change: a wild type individual will have one normal band on the gel, while a recessive mutant for hbs (sickle cell) will have one. Heterozygotes, which contain copies for both the mutant and wild types genes, will have two bands, one normal and one mutant. Dr. allison in 1949 obtained some results from. African populations which showed natural selection at work on humans for the sickle cell trait. She found that in two tribes in africa, These malarial parasites once in humans live within rbcs; giemsa staining of rbcs under the microscope stain rbcs in light pink leaving the bacteria in purple because of their. Survival analysis of malaria showed interesting results based on analysis of the genotypes of children.

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Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that is caused by a single nucleotide change in a single gene, the gene for beta hemoglobin. Individuals who are homozygous for this recessive allele have the disorder, which may result in abnormal hemoglobin, and thus abnormal red blood cell function. Investigate the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia and give specific examples of how the disorder could be diagnosed at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels.

peachantelope969

A human gene called the Î²-globin gene encodes a polypeptide that functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells; it carries oxygen. In human populations the Î²-globin gene can be found as the common allele known as Hb^A, and it can also be as the Hb^S allele. Individuals who have two copies of the Hb^S allele have the disease called sickle cell disease. Are the following examples descriptions of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, or population level?

A. The Hb^Sallele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightly differently from the polypeptide encoded by the Hb^Aallele.

B. If an individual has two copies of the Hb^Sallele, that persons red blood cells take on a sickle cell shape.

C. Individuals who have two copies of the Hb^Aallele do not have sickle cell disease, but are not resistant to malaria. People who have one Hb^Aallele and one Hb^S allele do not have sickle cell disease but are resistant to malaria. People who have two copies of the Hb^Sallele have sickle cell disease, and this disease may significantly shorten their lives.

D. Individuals with sickle cell disease have anemia because their red blood cells are easily destroyed by the body.

rosewhale208

Questions 4-6. Sickle cell disease:
Sickle cell disease (sickle cell anemia) is a relatively common disorder in individuals of

African descent and affects approximately 1 in 500 African-Americans. Due to a mutation in an autosomal gene for hemoglobin, the homozygous recessive genotype leads to red blood cells that are relatively stiff and sticky, and deform into a sickle shape as they lose oxygen. This leads to problems in the spleen, and anemia.

There are hundreds of different hemoglobin alleles. Individuals heterozygous for the sickle cell allele and one non-sickle cell allele usually do not experience major complications or even noticeable symptoms. A genetic test is available to diagnose carriers.

James does not have sickle cell disease, neither does his mother or father, but his sister does. His wife Natasha does not have sickle cell disease, and neither of her parents does either. Natasha also has a sister who has sickle cell anemia and two brothers without the disease.

5.) If James and Natasha have a child, what is the probability that the child would be a homozygote for the recessive allele and have sickle cell disease? You may draw the Punnet square but please solve the problem using probability calculations, then explain your reasoning in 2-5 complete sentences.

cyanalligator893

BIOL 202 Lecture Notes - Exon, Gc-Content, Intellectual Disability

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